{"id":1095,"date":"2010-06-14T03:15:42","date_gmt":"2010-06-14T01:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/economie-htm-2\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:24:41","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:24:41","slug":"economie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/amerique_latine\/economie\/","title":{"rendered":"L’ ECONOMIE DE L’AMERIQUE LATINE"},"content":{"rendered":"
ARGENTINE<\/a> . BELIZE<\/a> . BOLIVIE<\/a> . BRESIL<\/a> . CHILI<\/a> . COLOMBIE<\/a> . COSTA RICA<\/a> . CUBA<\/a> . EQUATEUR<\/a> .  EL SALVADOR<\/a> . GUATEMALA<\/a> . HONDURAS<\/a> . MEXIQUE<\/a> . NICARAGUA<\/a> . PANAMA<\/a> . PARAGUAY<\/a> . PEROU<\/a> .  URUGUAY<\/a> . VENEZUELA<\/a><\/p>\n
 <\/div>\n
Un peu d’histoire \u00e9conomique …<\/span><\/div>\n
\"ECONOMIEApr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode de croissance de 6 % en moyenne dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, l’Am\u00e9rique latine a connu une crise \u00e9conomique tr\u00e8s grave. Cette crise est imputable, en partie, au poids de la dette ext\u00e9rieure contract\u00e9e dans les ann\u00e9es 70, quand l’acc\u00e8s facile au cr\u00e9dit international allait de pair avec un boom des exportations et un taux d’int\u00e9r\u00eat relativement bas. La r\u00e9cession internationale du d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 80, ainsi que la r\u00e9duction des importations des pays industrialis\u00e9s et la hausse des taux d’int\u00e9r\u00eat, a chang\u00e9 compl\u00e8tement les donn\u00e9es.<\/div>\n
Premier sur la liste, le Mexique se d\u00e9clare en \u00e9tat de cessation de paiements en 1982. Bient\u00f4t, tous les pays d’Am\u00e9rique latine doivent recourir au refinancement aupr\u00e8s du FMI (fonds mon\u00e9taire international) pour pouvoir payer les int\u00e9r\u00eats de la dette. Certains pays, comme l’Argentine et le P\u00e9rou en 1985, o\u00f9 le Br\u00e9sil en 1986, tentent de mettre en oeuvre des plans de stabilisation non conformes aux recommandations du FMI (gel des prix et des salaires), mais la r\u00e9ussite n’est pas atteinte. L’inflation atteint par mois : 100 % Br\u00e9sil, et 200 % au P\u00e9rou et en Argentine.<\/div>\n
Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 90, ces \u00e9checs ont conduit les gouvernements \u00e0 mettre en place des plans d’ajustement dont les axes principaux sont la lib\u00e9ration des prix, une forte d\u00e9valuation de la monnaie, la r\u00e9duction du d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire et une importante diminution de la demande int\u00e9rieure. Bien s\u00fbr, les effets de ces d\u00e9cisions sont dramatiques sur le plan social (r\u00e9cession, ch\u00f4mage …).<\/div>\n
La mise en place de ces plans d’ajustement aura permis au Br\u00e9sil, \u00e0 l’Argentine et au P\u00e9rou d’\u00e9quilibrer et de r\u00e9ins\u00e9rer les \u00e9conomies de la r\u00e9gion dans le concert international.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
. MERCOSUR<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ARGENTINE . BELIZE . BOLIVIE . BRESIL . CHILI . COLOMBIE . COSTA RICA . CUBA . EQUATEUR .  EL […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":68,"parent":2506,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1095","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nL' ECONOMIE DE L'AMERIQUE LATINE - 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