{"id":1211,"date":"2010-06-14T23:17:35","date_gmt":"2010-06-14T21:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/histoire-htm-5\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:08","slug":"histoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/mexique\/histoire\/","title":{"rendered":"HISTOIRE &#8211; MEXIQUE"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Les principales dates de l&rsquo;histoire mexicaine &nbsp;<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">50 000 ans av. J.-C. &nbsp;<\/span><br \/> Les premiers habitants des Am\u00e9riques migrent \u00e0 travers le futur d\u00e9troit de B\u00e9ring.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1500 av. J.-C. \u00e0&nbsp;300 apr\u00e8s J.-C. <\/span><br \/> P\u00e9riode de la culture <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/civilisations\/olmeque\" target=\"_blank\">Olm\u00e8ques<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">2000 av. J.-C. \u00e0&nbsp;1500 apr\u00e8s J.-C. <\/span><br \/> P\u00e9riode de la culture <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/civilisations\/maya\" target=\"_blank\">Mayas<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">900 apr\u00e8s J.-C. <\/span><br \/> Des guerriers du nord, connus sous le nom de Tolt\u00e8ques, font la conqu\u00eate de la vall\u00e9e centrale.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1200 apr\u00e8s J.-C. <\/span>&nbsp;<br \/> Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/civilisations\/azteque\" target=\"_blank\">Azt\u00e8ques<\/a> s&rsquo;installent dans la vall\u00e9e centrale.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">D\u00e9but du 16\u00e8me si\u00e8cle<\/span> &nbsp;<br \/> Les Azt\u00e8ques qui dominent le Mexique, Moctezuma II, empereur des Azt\u00e8ques, r\u00e9gne sur un empire de la taille de l&rsquo;Italie moderne dont la capitale est Tenochtitlan, sur l&#8217;emplacement de l&rsquo;actuelle ville de Mexico.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1519 <\/span>&nbsp; &nbsp;<br \/> Les conquistadores, avec \u00e0 leur t\u00eate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/herman_cortes\" target=\"_blank\">Hernan Cort\u00e9s<\/a> et 550 hommes, accostent sur le rivage mexicain.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1521 &nbsp;<\/span><br \/> La conqu\u00eate vint \u00e0 sa fin, l&rsquo;aventurier espagnol Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s profite des tensions entre les Azt\u00e8ques et les villages qui leur payent des imp\u00f4ts. D\u00e8s lors, un processus de christianisation et d&rsquo;hispanisme des indig\u00e8nes commen\u00e7e.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">Au 17\u00e8me si\u00e8cle &nbsp;<\/span><br \/> Les principales structures \u00e9conomiques de la Nouvelle Espagne furent d\u00e9finies. La propri\u00e9t\u00e9 rurale devint une unit\u00e9 productive basique et la mine se convertit en centre de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie coloniale qui couvrait les besoins en or et en argent de la m\u00e9tropole. La population indig\u00e8ne fut exploit\u00e9e et d\u00e9cim\u00e9e par le travail et les pestes.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">Vers 1800 <\/span>&nbsp;<br \/> Le Mexique devient l&rsquo;un des pays les plus riches du monde; un pays tr\u00e8s riche avec beaucoup de pauvret\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1810 &nbsp;<\/span><br \/> La lutte ind\u00e9pendantiste commen\u00e7e, dirig\u00e9e principalement par les cr\u00e9oles (personnes n\u00e9es au Mexique). Le mouvement se transforme en cause populaire et nationale lorsque les indig\u00e8nes et les cr\u00e9oles s&rsquo;unissent aux forces rebelles. Mais ce mouvement est \u00e9cras\u00e9 par l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e royale.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1821 <\/span><br \/> Le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Iturbide se proclame empereur mais il est rapidement vaincu par le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Antonio L\u00f3pez de Santa Anna.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1824 <\/span>&nbsp;<br \/> La constitution qui d\u00e9finit la R\u00e9publique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale est proclam\u00e9e et compte 19 \u00e9tats, quatre r\u00e9gions et un district f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Guadalupe Victoria devient le premier Pr\u00e9sident mexicain.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1836<\/span> &nbsp;<br \/> Santa Anna, \u00e9lu Pr\u00e9sident trois ans auparavant, proclame une nouvelle constitution qui \u00e9limine tout le vestige de f\u00e9d\u00e9ralisme et l&rsquo;\u00e9tat mexicain du Texas qui comptait 30 000 citoyens am\u00e9ricains sollicite le soutien et la protection des Etats-Unis.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1845 <\/span>&nbsp;<br \/> Les Etats-Unis annexent le Texas ce qui entra\u00eene la rupture des relations diplomatiques avec le Mexique. L&rsquo;arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine occupe les terres disput\u00e9es entre les deux fleuves, et d\u00e9clenche ainsi une guerre qui dure deux ann\u00e9es avec, finalement, la victoire des Etats-Unis. Plus de la moiti\u00e9 du territoire mexicain passe aux mains des Am\u00e9ricains.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">Entre 1821 et 1850<\/span><br \/> Le pays a cinquante gouvernements diff\u00e9rents. La bourgeoisie mexicaine se divise en deux parties, la lib\u00e9rale et la conservatrice.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1861<\/span><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/benito_juarez\" target=\"_blank\">Benito Ju\u00e1rez<\/a>, un indien zapot\u00e8que \u00e0 l&rsquo;extraordinaire destin\u00e9 est \u00e9lu Pr\u00e9sident et doit faire face aux dettes des guerres surtout avec la France, Espagne et Royaume-Uni. Mais sa d\u00e9cision de suspendre les remboursements de la dette publique provoqua l&rsquo;intervention arm\u00e9e de la France, Angleterre et Espagne.&nbsp;<br \/> Napol\u00e9on III implante une monarchie dans une tentative de contrebalancer l&rsquo;influence nord-am\u00e9ricaine dans la zone. Maximiliano, archiduc d&rsquo;Autriche, est couronn\u00e9 empereur.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1876<\/span><br \/> Le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/porfirio_diaz\" target=\"_blank\">Porfirio Diaz<\/a>, qui milita du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des lib\u00e9raux contre l&rsquo;intervention fran\u00e7aise, prent le pouvoir et l&rsquo;exer\u00e7e jusqu&rsquo;en 1911. Pendant ces 35 ann\u00e9es de dictature, le pays ouvre ses portes aux capitaux \u00e9trangers, l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie se modernise mais les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales se font de plus en plus grandes.&nbsp;<br \/> La lutte arm\u00e9e prent une nouvelle vigueur autour des leaders <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/emiliano_zapata\" target=\"_blank\">Emiliano Zapata<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/pancho_villa\" target=\"_blank\">Pancho Villa<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1917<\/span><br \/> Les principes de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/mexique\/revolution_mexicaine.php\" target=\"_blank\">la R\u00e9volution<\/a> sont consacr\u00e9s dans la nouvelle Constitution, Elle est la plus avanc\u00e9e du monde \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque et encore en vigueur.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1929<\/span><br \/> Les diff\u00e9rents courants r\u00e9volutionnaires s&rsquo;unifient pour former un seul parti, le Parti R\u00e9volutionnaire Institutionnel (PRI), qui impose un syst\u00e8me de gouvernement \u00e0 un seul parti sous des apparences d\u00e9mocratiques.&nbsp;<br \/> Le PRI gouvernera sans aucun type d&rsquo;opposition jusqu&rsquo;aux ann\u00e9es 70.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1976 <\/span><br \/> Sous le gouvernement de Lopez Portillo, le pays est presque en banqueroute et des pr\u00eats \u00e9trangers de pr\u00e8s de 80 billions de dollars pour financer des programmes de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et social sont n\u00e9goci\u00e9s. &nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1982 <\/span><br \/> La corruption et la mauvaise administration en plus de la chute des prix du p\u00e9trole brut pendant cette p\u00e9riode menent \u00e0 une grave crise politique.<br \/> Le successeur de Portillo, Miguel de la Madrid dut mettre en route un programme de r\u00e9formes \u00e9conomiques et des mesures contre la corruption, mais le succ\u00e8s de ce programme fut tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1988 <\/span><br \/> Carlos Salinas de Gortari, remporte les \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles qui furent une \u00e9preuve pour le PRI.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1994<\/span><br \/> Une insurrection arm\u00e9e \u00e9clate dans le Sud du pays, dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de Chiapas. Les principales revendications sont en relation avec la r\u00e9forme agraire, ce mouvement est dirig\u00e9 par le groupe gu\u00e9rillero Zapatiste dirig\u00e9 par le &lsquo;Commandant Marcos&rsquo;.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1994<\/span><br \/> Ernesto Zedillo candidat du PRI, remporte les \u00e9lections.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"histoire-date\">1997<\/span><br \/> Le PRI perd pour la premi\u00e8re fois la majorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s (il r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 maintenir le contr\u00f4le du S\u00e9nat).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les principales dates de l&rsquo;histoire mexicaine &nbsp; &nbsp; 50 000 ans av. J.-C. &nbsp; Les premiers habitants des Am\u00e9riques migrent [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":2308,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1211","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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