{"id":1263,"date":"2010-06-15T01:43:56","date_gmt":"2010-06-14T23:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/mezcal-htm\/"},"modified":"2018-06-10T19:11:13","modified_gmt":"2018-06-10T17:11:13","slug":"mezcal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/mexique\/mezcal\/","title":{"rendered":"Le MEZCAL"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"Le mezcal <\/strong>est une boisson alcoolis\u00e9e mexicaine \u00e9labor\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de l’agave (\u00e0 ne pas confondre avec la mescaline, alcalo\u00efde hallucinog\u00e8ne extrait du peyotl). Il existe plusieurs sortes d’agaves et chacune produit un mezcal l\u00e9g\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rent. La tequila<\/a> est un mezcal provenant de la s\u00e8ve d’agave bleu (sp\u00e9cifiquement de l’agave « Tequilana Weber ») dans la r\u00e9gion de Tequila au Mexique. En fait, la norme mexicaine (Norma Oficial) exige qu’au moins 51% de l’alcool d’un mezcal provienne uniquement de cette vari\u00e9t\u00e9 pour pouvoir recevoir l’appellation tequila.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Production <\/span><\/div>\n
Le mezcal est produit \u00e0 partir du c\u0153ur de l’agave. L’agave m\u00fbrit pendant 6 \u00e0 12 ans avant qu’ait lieu la r\u00e9colte, appel\u00e9e jima : les feuilles ac\u00e9r\u00e9es (pencas) sont \u00e9lagu\u00e9es par le cultivateur d’agave (jimador) \u00e0 l’aide d’un outil tranchant, la coa, pour ne garder que le c\u0153ur ou pi\u00f1as (mot espagnol pour ananas). La pi\u00f1a, qui ressemble \u00e0 un ananas g\u00e9ant de 30 \u00e0 60 kg, est ensuite cuite \u00e0 la vapeur \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature d’environ 55°C pendant 24 \u00e0 50 heures. Cette cuisson permet de transformer les amidons contenus naturellement dans la plante en sucres qui apr\u00e8s fermentation donneront l’alcool.<\/div>\n
Apr\u00e8s la cuisson, la pi\u00f1a est refroidie et repose jusqu’\u00e0 une semaine. Puis elle est moulue pour en extraire la pulpe. Cette derni\u00e8re op\u00e9ration est effectu\u00e9e dans un pressoir ou sur un disque de pierre ou de b\u00e9ton sur lequel tourne une roue de pierre.<\/div>\n
La « pur\u00e9e » obtenue, additionn\u00e9e de 5 \u00e0 10% d’eau, est ensuite plac\u00e9e dans de grandes cuves de 5 000 \u00e0 50 000 litres o\u00f9 les sucres vont \u00eatre transform\u00e9s en alcool par fermentation, sous l’action de ses propres levures. Cette fermentation dure jusqu’\u00e0 30 jours. Des catalyseurs (des levures chimiques, par exemple), permettant d’acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la fermentation en 2 \u00e0 4 jours, sont parfois ajout\u00e9s. Du sucre de canne ou de ma\u00efs peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 lors de cette fermentation. La l\u00e9gislation mexicaine exige que seulement 51% de l’alcool provienne de la fermentation de l’agave.<\/div>\n
Le jus ferment\u00e9 obtenu, appel\u00e9 mosto, est ensuite distill\u00e9 deux fois dans un alambic en acier inoxydable ou en cuivre. Le r\u00e9sultat de la premi\u00e8re distillation, une fois les fibres enlev\u00e9es, est appel\u00e9 ordinario et titre entre 20° et 30° Vol. Il est replac\u00e9 dans l’alambic pour une deuxi\u00e8me distillation qui fera monter le degr\u00e9 d’alcool jusqu’\u00e0 55°. Parfois, de l’eau est ajout\u00e9e pour r\u00e9duire le degr\u00e9 \u00e0 40° (mixtos, dilu\u00e9 avec de l’eau). \u00c0 ce stade, le mezcal peut \u00eatre embouteill\u00e9 ou vieilli.<\/div>\n
Le vieillissement se d\u00e9roule relativement rapidement compar\u00e9 \u00e0 d’autres alcools. Il se d\u00e9roule dans des barriques en bois pendant deux mois et jusqu’\u00e0 plusieurs dizaines d’ann\u00e9es. Durant cette p\u00e9riode, le mezcal prend une couleur dor\u00e9e et son go\u00fbt est modifi\u00e9 par le bois des barriques. Plus il est \u00e2g\u00e9, plus sa couleur sera sombre et plus l’influence du bois sur le go\u00fbt sera importante.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Classification des \u00c2ges :<\/span><\/div>\n
– Blanco – blanc<\/strong> (clair), \u00e2g\u00e9 de moins de deux mois ; <\/div>\n
– Reposado<\/strong> (repos\u00e9) – \u00e2g\u00e9 d’au moins deux mois et jusqu’\u00e0 un an; <\/div>\n
– A\u00f1ejo<\/strong> – \u00e2g\u00e9 d’au moins un an en f\u00fbts de ch\u00eane. <\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Le ver <\/span><\/div>\n
Les "vers" (gusano rojo ou ver du maguey) dans la bouteille de mezcal sont des gadgets promotionnels. Le ver est un ver d’agave. L’origine de cette pratique remonte \u00e0 un homme nomm\u00e9 Jacobo Lozano P\u00e1ez. En 1940, alors qu’il go\u00fbtait de l’agave pr\u00e9par\u00e9e, lui et son partenaire trouv\u00e8rent que le ver changeait le go\u00fbt de l’agave. (Des vers d’agave sont parfois retrouv\u00e9s dans la pi\u00f1a apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9colte, signe d’une agave infest\u00e9e). Contrairement \u00e0 une croyance r\u00e9pandue, la tequila n’est pas autoris\u00e9e (par la loi) \u00e0 contenir le ver. Les "vers" en question sont en fait des chenilles.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Autres boissons accolis\u00e9es en Am\u00e9rique latine:<\/span><\/div>\n
La Tequila<\/a> au Mexique.<\/div>\n
Le Pisco<\/a> au P\u00e9rou<\/div>\n
La Cacha\u00e7a<\/a> au Br\u00e9sil<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le mezcal est une boisson alcoolis\u00e9e mexicaine \u00e9labor\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de l’agave (\u00e0 ne pas confondre avec la mescaline, alcalo\u00efde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1262,"parent":2308,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1263","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLe MEZCAL - 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