{"id":1281,"date":"2010-06-15T03:25:37","date_gmt":"2010-06-15T01:25:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/economie-htm-6\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:24:58","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:24:58","slug":"economie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/colombie\/economie\/","title":{"rendered":"ECONOMIE – COLOMBIE"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"ECONOMIELes altitudes qui varient de 0 \u00e0 4.500 m\u00e8tres ainsi que son climat permettent \u00e0 la Colombie d’avoir une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de cultures. Les fruits comme banane, mangue, agrumes, p\u00eaches, prunes, et les l\u00e9gumes tels que laitue, carotte, chou, ail, haricot, s’accompagnent d’une large gamme de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales : bl\u00e9, mais, riz, orge, sorgho, seigle, s\u00e9same, soja. Le pays cultive aussi la pomme de terre, la canne \u00e0 sucre, le coton, la noix de coco, le palmier \u00e0 huile, le tabac, ou encore le caf\u00e9 dont la Colombie est le quatri\u00e8me exportateur mondial. L’\u00e9levage des bovins est pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant avec environ 25 millions de t\u00eates de b\u00e9tail et est orient\u00e9 aussi bien vers la production de viande comme vers l’industrie laiti\u00e8re. Bien que le secteur agricole soit devenu ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es tr\u00e8s productif, notamment gr\u00e2ce a l’ouverture aux investissements \u00e9trangers ayant apport\u00e9 la modernisation de l’outil de production, il ne joue cependant plus un r\u00f4le dominant dans l’\u00e9conomie colombienne. L’agriculture dont l’\u00e9levage occupe 20 % repr\u00e9sente aujourd’hui 8,5 % du PIB.<\/p>\n

L’activit\u00e9 mini\u00e8re est domin\u00e9e par l’extraction du charbon qui positionne le pays \u00e0 la 8eme place mondiale. La Colombie est la premi\u00e8re r\u00e9serve de houille d’Am\u00e9rique Latine. Disposant \u00e9galement de plusieurs gisements de p\u00e9trole et de gaz naturel dont le gaz de schiste, ses ressources en hydrocarbures non conventionnels la placent \u00e0 la deuxi\u00e8me place en Am\u00e9rique Latine apr\u00e8s l’Argentine. C’est le premier producteur mondial d’\u00e9meraudes et le second de nickel. Son sol fournit \u00e9galement de l’or, ainsi que de faibles quantit\u00e9s de beaucoup de min\u00e9raux m\u00e9talliques et non m\u00e9talliques. Mines et hydrocarbures sont largement exploit\u00e9s par des compagnies \u00e9trang\u00e8res et captent 61 % des IDE du pays avec plus de 13 milliards de dollars d’investissements en 2012. Ecopetrol, soci\u00e9t\u00e9 publique a 88 % extrait 60 % du p\u00e9trole, le reste \u00e9tant r\u00e9parti sur les operateurs priv\u00e9s. Le p\u00e9trole repr\u00e9sente \u00e0 lui seul 40 % des exportations. Par ailleurs, auto-suffisant en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, le pays poss\u00e8de le deuxi\u00e8me plus grand potentiel hydraulique d’Am\u00e9rique Latine apr\u00e8s le Br\u00e9sil. La r\u00e9cente privatisation de l´entreprise d’Etat ISAGEN va entrainer des \u00e9volutions dans la production d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 qui est actuellement essentiellement hydraulique avec 1.912 MW sur un total de 2.212 MW. Les investissements sur plusieurs projets devraient faire passer la capacit\u00e9 totale \u00e0 3.100 MW.<\/p>\n

Le secteur industriel colombien est domin\u00e9 par l’agro-industrie et la p\u00e9trochimie. L’industrie alimentaire et les boissons participent pour 32 % \u00e0 l’industrie colombienne et constituent sa premi\u00e8re composante. La p\u00e9trochimie concerne le raffinage, les produits chimiques et plastiques, ainsi que le caoutchouc. Le groupe Ecopetrol regroupant certaines des plus grosses entreprises p\u00e9troli\u00e8res d’Am\u00e9rique du Sud est en totalit\u00e9 colombien. Mais des entreprises priv\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res comme Drumond sont tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sentes dans le secteur. Les mat\u00e9riaux de construction, l’industrie du verre, la m\u00e9tallurgie et la sid\u00e9rurgie, l’industrie pharmaceutique, le textile et la confection sont autant de sous secteurs de qualit\u00e9. L’ensemble de l’industrie manufacturi\u00e8re qui souffrait de l’appel des capitaux surtout sur le secteur minier et p\u00e9trolier est en pleine expansion. Il est le plus diversifi\u00e9 d’Am\u00e9rique Latine apr\u00e8s le Br\u00e9sil et le Mexique. L’ensemble \u00e9nergie-industrie repr\u00e9sente 36 % du PIB.<\/p>\n

Les services repr\u00e9sentent 55,5 % du PIB. Outre les grands domaines comme la banque ou les transports, le secteur de la sous-traitance de services ou BPO « Business Process Outsourcing » est l’un des secteurs cl\u00e9s d\u00e9finis par le programme colombien. La sous-traitance de services occupe plusieurs dizaines d’entreprises profitant de l’emplacement strat\u00e9gique central du pays entre les deux Am\u00e9riques et de leurs grands centres financiers et d’affaires. Les autres attraits du pays sont dans ses co\u00fbts de main d’\u0153uvre, d’acc\u00e8s Internet, de location de bureaux tous tr\u00e8s comp\u00e9titifs par rapport \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion, tout autant qu’une r\u00e9glementation tr\u00e8s incitative. De m\u00eame le secteur de l’industrie des contenus num\u00e9riques et audiovisuels est en plein d\u00e9veloppement. Car il b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie \u00e0 la fois d’un fort potentiel sur le plan de techniques de production, d’une fiscalit\u00e9 int\u00e9ressante pour les entreprises s’installant en Colombie pour tourner un film, et d’une prise en charge des co\u00fbts sous certaines conditions.
Tr\u00e8s ouvert \u00e9conomiquement, ayant sign\u00e9 beaucoup d’accords de libre-\u00e9change, le pays a cependant pour principal client les USA qui absorbent 36,9 % de ses exportations.<\/p>\n

 <\/div>\n
INDICATEURS ECONOMIQUES<\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n

PIB : 369 Milliards USD
PIB\/Habitant : 7.919 USD
Taux de croissance du PIB : 4 %
Taux de ch\u00f4mage : 10 %
Taux d’inflation officiel : 2, 4 %<\/p>\n

Part des principaux secteurs d’activit\u00e9s dans le PIB :<\/span>
Secteur agricole : 8, 5 %
Secteur industriel : 36 %
Secteur des services : 55, 5 %<\/p>\n

Principaux clients en 2012:<\/span>
Etats Unis ( 36, 9 %), Chine ( 5, 5 %), Espagne ( 4, 9 %), Panama ( 4, 8 %), Venezuela ( 4, 2 %)<\/p>\n

Principaux clients en 2012:<\/span>
Etats Unis ( 24, 3 %), Chine ( 16, 5 %), Mexique (11, 5 %), Bresil ( 4, 8 %), Argentine (4, 0 %)<\/p>\n

Echanges avec la france en 2012<\/span>
Exportations de la France vers la Colombie : 1,131 Milliard d’USD ( %)
Importations fran\u00e7aises de la Colombie : 788 Millions d’USD ( %)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les altitudes qui varient de 0 \u00e0 4.500 m\u00e8tres ainsi que son climat permettent \u00e0 la Colombie d’avoir une grande […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":68,"parent":2299,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1281","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nECONOMIE - COLOMBIE - Abc-latina<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'\u00e9conomie colombienne. 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