{"id":1333,"date":"2010-06-17T00:26:14","date_gmt":"2010-06-16T22:26:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/histoire-htm-8\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:02","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:02","slug":"histoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/cuba\/histoire\/","title":{"rendered":"HISTOIRE – CUBA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les principales dates de l’histoire cubaine <\/h2>\n
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L’\u00eele de Cuba a \u00e9t\u00e9 « d\u00e9couverte » lors du premier voyage de Christophe Colomb en 1492.<\/div>\n
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De 1492 \u00e0 1898, Cuba a \u00e9t\u00e9 une possession espagnole.<\/div>\n
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Il y eut deux guerres d’ind\u00e9pendance, la premi\u00e8re de 1868 \u00e0 1878 \u00e9choua, la deuxi\u00e8me (\u00e0 partir de 1895) s’acheva par l’entr\u00e9e en guerre des \u00c9tats-Unis contre l’Espagne en 1898. Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed est l’un des h\u00e9ros les plus connu de cette seconde guerre.<\/div>\n
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Le 15 f\u00e9vrier 1898, un vaisseau de la marine am\u00e9ricaine qui se trouvait dans le port de La Havane, explosa dans des circontances encore non \u00e9claircies. Les \u00c9tats-Unis d\u00e9cid\u00e8rent d’intervenir dans le conflit et d’attaquer les Espagnols \u00e0 Cuba, \u00e0 ce moment, les r\u00e9volutionnaires Cubains \u00e9taient proche de la victoire. L’Espagne avait envoy\u00e9 un million d’hommes, mais seuls 200 000 retourn\u00e8rent en Europe (d\u00e9c\u00e8s par maladie, morts au combats, conditions de vie meilleure \u00e0 Cuba, etc). Les troupes am\u00e9ricaines occup\u00e8rent ainsi l’\u00eele entre 1898 et 1902. Le Trait\u00e9 de Paris mettra fin au conflit : l’Espagne c\u00e8de Cuba, Porto Rico, Guam et les Philippines aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Quatre ans plus tard, le 20 mai 1902, les Am\u00e9ricains accord\u00e8rent l’ind\u00e9pendance \u00e0 Cuba. Toutefois, ils firent ins\u00e9rer l’amendement Platt dans la constititution. Cette disposition permettait aux soldats am\u00e9ricains d’intervenir \u00e0 Cuba, chaque fois qu’ils le jugeaient n\u00e9c\u00e9ssaire pour la stabilit\u00e9 de l’\u00eele.<\/div>\n
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Cuba continuera depuis \u00e0 \u00eatre sous la d\u00e9pendance de Washington jusqu’\u00e0 la r\u00e9volution de Castro, et les dictateurs recevront \u00e0 plusieurs reprises le soutien des \u00c9tats-Unis. Les troupes am\u00e9ricaines quitteront l’\u00eele le 28 janvier 1909, mais les Am\u00e9ricains garderont le contr\u00f4le de Guantanamo (toujours occup\u00e9e par les \u00c9tats-Unis en 2003).<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
En 1933 une r\u00e9volution \u00e9clata, Ram\u00f3n Grau San Mart\u00edn devint pr\u00e9sident pendant quelques temps. Le sergent Fulgencio Batista qui avait particip\u00e9 au coup d’\u00c9tat de 1933 devint officiellement, apr\u00e8s un certain temps le chef de l’\u00c9tat. Il remporta les \u00e9lections de 1940, que de nombreuses personnes consid\u00e8r\u00e9rent comme truqu\u00e9es. Ram\u00f3n Grau San Mart\u00edn gagna les \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles de 1944.<\/div>\n
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Carlos Prio Socarras fut \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident, en 1948.<\/div>\n
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Le 10 mars 1952, Fulgencio Batista mena un nouveau coup d’\u00e9tat. Il se proclama pr\u00e9sident et suspendit la constitution. Son mandat fut renouvel\u00e9 en 1954 au terme d’\u00e9lections truqu\u00e9es. Il renfor\u00e7a sa dictature.<\/div>\n
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En 1959, Fidel Castro mena une r\u00e9volution et parvint \u00e0 \u00e9liminer le dictateur Fulgencio Batista. Depuis 1959, Castro reste \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l’\u00e9tat (2003).<\/div>\n
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Entre le 17 et le 21 avril 1961, 1500 cubains r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s aux \u00c9tats-Unis, entra\u00een\u00e9s et pay\u00e9s par la CIA tent\u00e8rent d’envahir l’\u00eele sans succ\u00e8s en d\u00e9barquant \u00e0 la Baie des cochons.<\/div>\n
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Depuis 1962, Cuba est sous embargo des USA (2003).<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les principales dates de l’histoire cubaine    L’\u00eele de Cuba a \u00e9t\u00e9 « d\u00e9couverte » lors du premier voyage de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":2302,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1333","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHISTOIRE - 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