{"id":1388,"date":"2010-07-17T00:49:54","date_gmt":"2010-07-16T22:49:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/economie-htm-10\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:03","slug":"economie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/equateur\/economie\/","title":{"rendered":"ECONOMIE – EQUATEUR"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"L'ECONOMIEPremier exportateur mondial de bananes, l’Equateur est \u00e9galement un gros producteur et exportateur de cacao et de caf\u00e9. Le mais, le bl\u00e9, l’orge, les pommes de terre et haricots, plus tourn\u00e9s vers le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur, compl\u00e8tent une gamme tr\u00e8s diversifi\u00e9e. Une grande perc\u00e9e r\u00e9cente \u00e0 l’exportation est \u00e0 noter dans les fleurs et tout particuli\u00e8rement les roses. Le pays \u00e9l\u00e8ve des bovins, ovins, ainsi que des taureaux pour les corridas. C’est le premier exportateur mondial de crevettes d’\u00e9levage, et \u00e9galement un tr\u00e8s gros producteur de thon, avec une diversification actuelle dans les pr\u00e9parations de poissons.<\/p>\n

Bien que son secteur minier ne soit pas significatif, le pays poss\u00e8de d’importantes ressources mini\u00e8res notamment en or, argent, cuivre, mais qui sont \u00e0 ce jour peu d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es.
Plus petit pays membre de l’OPEP, l’Equateur g\u00e9n\u00e8re 40 % de son PIB et pr\u00e9s de 60 % des ses exportations gr\u00e2ce aux hydrocarbures qui sont donc le moteur essentiel de son \u00e9conomie. Par l’interm\u00e9diaire de l’entreprise publique Petroecuador l’Etat poss\u00e8de les trois quarts de la production p\u00e9troli\u00e8re depuis 2012, le reste \u00e9tant priv\u00e9. L’industrie hydro\u00e9lectrique quant \u00e0 elle devrait repr\u00e9senter 32 % de la production d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en 2013, en baisse par rapport au gaz naturel. Le pays n’exploite que 15 % de son potentiel \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et devrait arriver \u00e0 en exploiter le double en 2016 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 huit nouvelles centrales suppl\u00e9mentaires, parvenant ainsi \u00e0 l’autosuffisance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et m\u00eame \u00e0 \u00eatre exc\u00e9dentaire. Les projets, dont celui de Cardenillo repr\u00e9sentant pr\u00e9s de 600 m\u00e9gawats, rentrent dans un plan d’\u00e9nergie propre et renouvelable ainsi que dans le cadre de la loi d’utilisation des exc\u00e9dents g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s au profit des communaut\u00e9s o\u00f9 ils sont mis en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n

Le secteur manufacturier joue un r\u00f4le modeste dans l’\u00e9conomie du pays et repr\u00e9sente 31 % du PIB. Les activit\u00e9s dominantes sont le raffinage du p\u00e9trole et l’agroalimentaire avec les pr\u00e9parations de poissons, de divers fruits ainsi que de crevettes. L’industrie automobile est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par Aymesa travaillant en collaboration avec les constructeurs cor\u00e9ens Kia Motors Company et Hyundai.<\/p>\n

Les services constituent le secteur de loin le plus important du pays avec 57 % du PIB. L’Etat a une situation dominante dans les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications fixes, et le transport d’hydrocarbures appartient \u00e0 une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationalis\u00e9e. Des restrictions importantes aux investissements \u00e9trangers existent notamment dans les services radios, le transport maritime ou les a\u00e9roports.<\/p>\n

L’Equateur a mis en place une politique commerciale s\u00e9lective d’\u00e9changes favorisant son commerce r\u00e9gional avec certains pays voisins et limitant son commerce international pour prot\u00e9ger les activit\u00e9s manufacturi\u00e8res int\u00e9rieures. Limiter les importations et favoriser l’\u00e9mergence de produits de substitutions \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur du pays n’ont cependant pas \u00e0 ce jour \u00e9t\u00e9 couronn\u00e9s d’un franc succ\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

Ses principaux clients sont les USA, le Panama et le P\u00e9rou.<\/p>\n

 <\/div>\n
INDICATEURS ECONOMIQUES<\/span><\/div>\n

PIB : 84, 5 Milliards USD
PIB\/Habitant : 5 300 USD
Taux de croissance du PIB : 4, 8 %
Taux de ch\u00f4mage : 5,3 %
Taux d’inflation officiel : 5,1 %<\/p>\n

Part des principaux secteurs d’activit\u00e9s dans le PIB :<\/span>
Secteur agricole : 12 %
Secteur industriel : 3I %
Secteur des services : 57 %<\/p>\n

Principaux clients 2011:<\/span>
Etats-Unis (40,9%), Panama (10,7 %), P\u00e9rou (6,7%), Venezuela (5,6 %)<\/p>\n

Principaux fournisseurs 2011:<\/span>
Etats-Unis (27,4%), Chine (10,1%), Colombie (9%), Panama (4,5%).<\/p>\n

Exportations de la France vers l’Equateur (2011) : 153, 4 Milliards USD
Importations fran\u00e7aises de l’Equateur (2011) : 358, 8 Milliards USD<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Premier exportateur mondial de bananes, l’Equateur est \u00e9galement un gros producteur et exportateur de cacao et de caf\u00e9. Le mais, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1387,"parent":2303,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1388","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nECONOMIE - EQUATEUR - Abc-latina<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'\u00e9conomie equatorienne: Industrie, Agriculture, services. 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