{"id":1468,"date":"2010-07-19T18:01:01","date_gmt":"2010-07-19T16:01:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/histoire-htm-17\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:32","slug":"histoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/uruguay\/histoire\/","title":{"rendered":"HISTOIRE – URUGUAY"},"content":{"rendered":"
L’arriv\u00e9e des Europ\u00e9ens<\/span><\/div>\n
Les Charruas \u00e9taient les seuls habitants de la r\u00e9gion \u00e0 l’arriv\u00e9e des Europ\u00e9ens. Il s’agit d’une petite tribu repouss\u00e9e par les guaran\u00eds. Les Espagnols d\u00e9couvrirent cette zone en 1516, mais l’absence d’or et d’argent, combin\u00e9e \u00e0 la forte r\u00e9sistance des Charruas dissuada les Europ\u00e9ens de s’y installer durant le XVIe et le XVIIe si\u00e8cle. Les Espagnols introduisirent le b\u00e9tail en Uruguay et d\u00e9velopp\u00e8rent ainsi l’\u00e9conomie de la r\u00e9gion.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Le XVIII et XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/div>\n
Plus, tard, les Espagnols augment\u00e8rent leur pr\u00e9sence pour limiter l’expansion des Portugais install\u00e9s au Br\u00e9sil. Ainsi, les Espagnols fond\u00e8rent Montevideo au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle pour y placer leur arm\u00e9e. Le port naturel de Montevideo finit par concurencer le commerce de Buenos Aires. Le d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle fut marqu\u00e9 par des luttes entre les Britanniques, Portugais et Espagnols pour la domination d’une zone s’\u00e9tendant sur l’Uruguay et une partie de l’Argentine et du Br\u00e9sil.<\/div>\n
Jos\u00e9 Gervasio Artigas lan\u00e7a une r\u00e9volte contre les Espagnols. Ce soul\u00e8vement permit de chasser les Espagnols et Artigas devint un h\u00e9ros pour l’Uruguay. Le Portugal annexa en 1821 le territoire qui deviendra l’actuel Uruguay en l’int\u00e9grant dans le Br\u00e9sil. Des r\u00e9voltes sans succ\u00e8s \u00e9clat\u00e8rent en 1821 et 1823. Le 25 ao\u00fbt 1825, la province d’Uruguay d\u00e9clara son ind\u00e9pendance du Br\u00e9sil, mais voulait n\u00e9anmoins rejoindre l’Argentine en formant une f\u00e9deration r\u00e9gionale. Cette union entre l’Argentine et l’Uruguay permit de vaincre le Br\u00e9sil \u00e0 l’issue de trois ann\u00e9es de guerre.<\/div>\n
Le trait\u00e9 de Montivideo, qui fut sign\u00e9 en 1828 et approuv\u00e9 par le Royaume Uni, donna naissance \u00e0 l’Uruguay en tant que pays ind\u00e9pendant et souverain. La premi\u00e8re constitution fut adopt\u00e9e le 18 juillet 1830. Durant les 70 ann\u00e9es suivantes, l’Uruguay connaitra de nombreux conflits avec les pays voisins. Au m\u00eame moment, beaucoup d’immigrants, surtout des Europ\u00e9ens viendront s’installer en Uruguay.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Le XXe si\u00e8cle et le d\u00e9but du XXIe<\/span><\/div>\n
Jos\u00e9 Batlle Ordo\u00f1ez, pr\u00e9sident entre 1903 et 1907, puis entre 1911 et 1915, \u00e9tablit les bases de l’organisation politique actuelle, gr\u00e2ce aux nombreuses r\u00e9formes politiques, sociales et \u00e9conomiques qu’il mit en \u0153uvre. Les pr\u00e9sidents qui lui succ\u00e9d\u00e8rent continu\u00e8rent certaines de ces r\u00e9formes.<\/div>\n
Le pays traversa de graves probl\u00e8mes \u00e9conomiques, sociaux et politiques \u00e0 partir de 1966 qui men\u00e8rent \u00e0 l’insertion d’amendements dans la Constitution qui sera adopt\u00e9e en 1967. En 1973, la situation avait empir\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 1966: les militaires d\u00e9cid\u00e8rent de fermer le Congr\u00e8s et de s’emparer du pouvoir. Ils r\u00e9dig\u00e8rent une nouvelle Constitution, mais les citoyens la rejet\u00e8rent lors du referendum organis\u00e9 en novembre 1980.<\/div>\n
Apr\u00e8s cet \u00e9chec, les militaires annonc\u00e8rent un programme pour rendre le pouvoir aux autorit\u00e9s civiles. Des \u00e9lections furent organis\u00e9es en 1984: Julio Mar\u00eda Sanguinetti, chef de file du Parti colorado, remporta les \u00e9lections et devint pr\u00e9sident entre 1985 et 1990.<\/div>\n
En 1989, ce fut Luis Alberto Lacalle du Parti national qui remporta le plus de suffrages. Il occupa la pr\u00e9sidence entre 1990 et 1995. Sous son mandat, l’Uruguay entra dans le Mercosur, une alliance \u00e9conomique avec ses pays voisins.<\/div>\n
En 1994, Julio Mar\u00eda Sanguinetti sortit \u00e0 nouveau en t\u00eate des \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles. Son deuxi\u00e8me mandat d\u00e9buta en 1995 et s’acheva en mars 2000.<\/div>\n
Jorge Batlle devint pr\u00e9sident de l’Uruguay le 1er mars 2000 pour un mandat de 5 ans.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’arriv\u00e9e des Europ\u00e9ens Les Charruas \u00e9taient les seuls habitants de la r\u00e9gion \u00e0 l’arriv\u00e9e des Europ\u00e9ens. Il s’agit d’une petite […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":2319,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1468","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHISTOIRE - 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