{"id":1476,"date":"2010-07-19T18:17:02","date_gmt":"2010-07-19T16:17:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/economie-htm-18\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:34","slug":"economie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/venezuela\/economie\/","title":{"rendered":"ECONOMIE – VENEZUELA"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"ECONOMIEDepuis 1920 le p\u00e9trole<\/span> est mont\u00e9 en puissance dans l’\u00e9conomie v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne jusqu’\u00e0 en devenir rapidement la principale composante. Pendant la plus grande partie du XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle les dictatures v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9liennes, puis apr\u00e8s 1959 les gouvernements \u00e9lus d\u00e9mocratiquement, ont fait tr\u00e8s bon m\u00e9nage avec le p\u00e9trole. Il est de tr\u00e8s loin la premi\u00e8re ressource naturelle du pays et est exploit\u00e9 depuis 1975 par l’entreprise nationale Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PVDSA). Membre fondateur de l’OPEP, le pays occupe aujourd’hui la premi\u00e8re place mondiale en r\u00e9serves devant l’Arabie Saoudite avec pr\u00e9s de 297 milliards de barils dans le sous-sol du bassin de l’Or\u00e9noque. Il est le neuvi\u00e8me exportateur mondial. Les hydrocarbures et le gaz, bien que ce dernier soit encore peu vendu, repr\u00e9sentent directement et indirectement 96 % de ses exportations totales et pr\u00e9s de la moitie de son PIB. Mais le p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien est de forte densit\u00e9, extra-lourd, ce qui le rend co\u00fbteux \u00e0 extraire et \u00e0 raffiner contrairement \u00e0 celui de l’Arabie Saoudite par exemple. <\/div>\n
Toujours concernant le secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique la fili\u00e8re hydro\u00e9lectrique a fourni 58 % de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 du pays en 2012. Le barrage de Guri, troisi\u00e8me plus grand barrage du monde, fournit a lui seul pr\u00e9s de 40 % de la production nationale. Mais la production est cependant insuffisante, les \u00e9quipements d\u00e9suets, et le pays connait de nombreuses coupures de courant. <\/div>\n
Sur le plan minier le Venezuela extrait du minerai de fer, de la bauxite, du fer, du nickel, du charbon, des m\u00e9taux pr\u00e9cieux comme l’or et le diamant ainsi que d’autres nombreux min\u00e9raux.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Le pays est tr\u00e8s d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 sur le plan industriel<\/span>. Ce secteur repr\u00e9sente 51 % du PIB: acier, aluminium, ciment, d\u00e9riv\u00e9s du p\u00e9trole, mais aussi industrie automobile gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des firmes estrang\u00e8res comme Ford. H\u00e9las toute l’industrie de transformation souffre d’un recul r\u00e9gulier \u00e0 cause du manque flagrant d’investissements et notamment de garanties juridiques. L’\u00e9norme importance du p\u00e9trole dans l’\u00e9conomie freine en effet consid\u00e9rablement la diversification de l’industrie. <\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
A l’inverse, les services<\/span> ont connu ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es un bel essor gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la forte demande et \u00e0 des investissements significatifs, que ce soit en t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie ou en diverses technologies telles que transfert de donn\u00e9es et applications internet. <\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Comme l’ensemble du secteur industriel la production agricole<\/span> a largement souffert ces derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies de l’orientation \u00e9conomique essentiellement tourn\u00e9e vers le p\u00e9trole. Ce choix \u00e9conomique a maintenu la devise nationale trop forte, pendant certaines p\u00e9riodes. Le bolivar haut par rapport au dollar a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la non comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des producteurs v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9liens et au manque d’int\u00e9r\u00eat des capitaux priv\u00e9s \u00e0 s’investir dans le secteur agricole. Les terres sont exploit\u00e9es seulement pour un peu plus de 40 % ce qui oblige le pays \u00e0 importer environ 60 % de produits alimentaires. <\/div>\n
Le mais repr\u00e9sente plus des 2\/3 de la fili\u00e8re c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8re, suivi du riz et du sorgho. Canne \u00e0 sucre, cacao, tabac, fruits et l\u00e9gumes, ol\u00e9agineux marquent tous une r\u00e9gression depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es. Activit\u00e9 importante du secteur agricole l’\u00e9levage produit de la viande de b\u0153uf, de porc, des volailles. Les chiffres publics officiels sont nettement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s que ceux du priv\u00e9, ce qui explique en partie le manque de confiance des investisseurs. P\u00eache et aquaculture en milieu marin et fluvial sont \u00e9galement d’un fort potentiel gr\u00e2ce au nombre et la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des poissons et fruits de mer, mais l\u00e0 encore pas suffisamment exploit\u00e9es. L’ensemble du potentiel de la fili\u00e8re agricole tranche avec sa marginalit\u00e9 dans le PIB du pays dont elle ne repr\u00e9sente que 3,8 %.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Risques commerciaux moyens \u00e0 \u00e9lev\u00e9s.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

INDICATEURS ECONOMIQUES DU VENEZUELA EN 2012<\/h3>\n
 <\/div>\n
PIB : 382.4 milliards USD
PIB\/Habitant\/PPP : 12.748 USD
Taux de croissance du PIB : 1.19 %
Taux de ch\u00f4mage : 8.5 %
Taux d’inflation officiel : 27.2 %<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Part des principaux secteurs d’activit\u00e9s dans le PIB<\/span> :
Secteur agricole : 3,8 %
Secteur industriel : 45,8 %
Secteur des services : 50,4 %<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Principaux clients 2012<\/span>:
USA (40 %), Chine (28 %), Inde (8 %), Singapour (5 %), Cuba (5 %)<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Principaux fournisseurs 2012<\/span>:
USA (32%), UE (14%), Chine (9%), Br\u00e9sil (9 %), Colombie (5%), Mexique (4.1 %)
Exportations de la France vers le Venezuela en 2012 : 503 millions USD (+ 7,1 %)
Importations fran\u00e7aises du Venezuela en 2012 : 394 millions USD (+ 6 %).
 <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Depuis 1920 le p\u00e9trole est mont\u00e9 en puissance dans l’\u00e9conomie v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne jusqu’\u00e0 en devenir rapidement la principale composante. Pendant la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1387,"parent":2320,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1476","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nECONOMIE - VENEZUELA - Abc-latina<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'\u00e9conomie venezuelienne, le p\u00e9trole, l'agriculture et l'industrie. 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