{"id":1784,"date":"2010-07-28T02:00:35","date_gmt":"2010-07-28T00:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/orque-php\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:24:41","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:24:41","slug":"orque","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/index\/orque\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;ORQUE"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>L&rsquo;<span class=\"tourisme-chapitre\">orque<\/span> est la plus grande et imposante repr\u00e9sentante de la famille des dauphins, certains sp\u00e9cimens d\u00e9passant les 10 m\u00e8tres de long et les 10 tonnes. Sa livr\u00e9e noire et blanche la rend reconnaissable de suite. Ces deux couleurs ne sont d&rsquo;ailleurs pas dues au hasard&hellip; Le noir, pour une grande majorit\u00e9, lui permet de passer inaper\u00e7ue dans l&rsquo;obscurit\u00e9 sous-marine et, ainsi, de chasser en toute discr\u00e9tion&hellip; Le blanc, lorsqu&rsquo;elle se place face \u00e0 sa proie, a au contraire pour but d&rsquo;effrayer et donc de t\u00e9taniser.<\/div>\n<div>Autre signe bien distinctif des orques : la nageoire dorsale. Chez la femelle, elle mesure environ 1 m\u00e8tre de hauteur et \u00e0 la forme d&rsquo;une faux, chez le m\u00e2le, elle est parfaitement triangulaire et peut atteindre les 1 m\u00e8tre 80. La nageoire dorsale est propre \u00e0 chaque orque et permet aux observateurs de reconna\u00eetre les individus, elle est en effet aussi fiable que nos empreintes digitales. A noter, qu&rsquo;elle ne contient ni os, ni cartilage, il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un simple assemblage de peau et de fibres. Elle a un r\u00f4le de &quot;stabilisateur&quot;, \u00e0 l&rsquo;image d&rsquo;une quille de bateau.<\/div>\n<div>Le sous-ordre des Odontoc\u00e8tes signifie litt\u00e9ralement : baleine \u00e0 dents. L&rsquo;orque en poss\u00e8de une cinquantaine, d&rsquo;une longueur moyenne de 7 cm (certains sp\u00e9cimens atteignant les 13 cm !) Adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 la vie subaquatique, ces dents sont toutes identiques et coniques de sorte que, lorsque la m\u00e2choire se referme, elles s&rsquo;imbriquent parfaitement les unes \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 des autres. Le but n&rsquo;est pas de mordre et de d\u00e9chirer la chair des proies (la peau des poissons \u00e9tant souvent beaucoup trop &quot;glissante&quot;) mais de les tenir fermement, de les &quot;happer&quot; en quelque sorte. Il n&rsquo;est d&rsquo;ailleurs pas rare de retrouver des poissons entiers dans l&rsquo;estomac d&rsquo;une orque, quand ce ne sont pas des animaux de plus grandes tailles.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Comme tous les repr\u00e9sentants de cette famille, le corps de l&rsquo;orque est taill\u00e9 pour les sprints aquatiques. Si son rythme de croisi\u00e8re est d&rsquo;environ 5 \u00e0 6 km\/heure, l&rsquo;orque peut atteindre, en pleine chasse, les 50 km\/h. Sa peau, d&rsquo;une consistance et d&rsquo;un aspect proche du caoutchouc, a la particularit\u00e9 de se d\u00e9former selon la pression et les turbulences de l&rsquo;eau, r\u00e9duisant au maximum les frottements succeptibles de freiner sa course. De plus, l&rsquo;orque secr\u00e8te un mucus \u00e0 l&rsquo;interface de son derme et de l&rsquo;eau, optimisant un peu plus la glisse de l&rsquo;eau le long de son corps.<\/div>\n<div>Autre point commun \u00e0 ce sous-ordre des Odontoc\u00e8tes, la pr\u00e9sence de l&rsquo;\u00e9vent, anc\u00eatre des narines. Plac\u00e9 au sommet du cr\u00e2ne, il a pour fonction de bloquer le syst\u00e8me respiratoire. L&rsquo;orque le ferme lors de ses plong\u00e9es qui durent entre une trentaine de secondes et 4 minutes (pour une profondeur maximale de 300 m\u00e8tres). Lors de la remont\u00e9e, c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;\u00e9vent qui le premier va \u00eatre en contact avec la surface de l&rsquo;eau pour expulser l&rsquo;air chaud contenu dans les poumons. Pour qui \u00e0 la chance de voir cela, c&rsquo;est un spectacle grandiose. En effet, l&rsquo;air contenu dans les poumons, plus chaud que l&rsquo;air ext\u00e9rieur, cr\u00e9e un v\u00e9ritable nuage de brume pouvant monter \u00e0 plusieurs m\u00e8tres de hauteur, tel un geyser. Seul inconv\u00e9nient pour les \u00e9ventuels spectateurs, ce nuage est charg\u00e9 de s\u00e9cr\u00e9tions et a mauvaise odeur&hellip;<\/div>\n<div>C&rsquo;est \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9vent \u00e9galement que l&rsquo;orque doit une partie de sa richesse vocale. En effet, c&rsquo;est en agissant sur son ouverture, et en jouant avec l&rsquo;air, qu&rsquo;elle cr\u00e9e des sons allant du sifflement au grincement.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Ce n&rsquo;est un secret pour personne, sous l&rsquo;eau, pass\u00e9 quelques dizaines de m\u00e8tres de profondeur, le noir se fait et la vue n&rsquo;est plus un sens fiable. Bien que l&rsquo;orque poss\u00e8de une excellente vision sous l&rsquo;eau comme hors de l&rsquo;eau, ce qui est assez rare pour \u00eatre mentionn\u00e9, pour palier \u00e0 ce manque de lumi\u00e8re elle utilise un syst\u00e8me des plus sophistiqu\u00e9 : l&rsquo;\u00e9cholocation.<\/div>\n<div>Pour tenter de simplifier ce processus, disons que l&rsquo;orque \u00e9met un son \u00e0 haute fr\u00e9quence devant elle. Ce son (qui va 5 fois plus vite sous l&rsquo;eau que sur terre) en rencontrant des obstacles va cr\u00e9er un \u00e9cho. La fr\u00e9quence de cet \u00e9cho va \u00eatre analys\u00e9e par l&rsquo;orque de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une image virtuelle de l&rsquo;obstacle rencontr\u00e9, et ce m\u00eame si ce dernier est \u00e0 plusieurs kilom\u00e8tres. Cette technique lui permet de cartographier son environnement.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div><span class=\"tsource\">Source: www.univers-nature.com<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;orque est la plus grande et imposante repr\u00e9sentante de la famille des dauphins, certains sp\u00e9cimens d\u00e9passant les 10 m\u00e8tres de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":2446,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1784","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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