{"id":1939,"date":"2010-08-02T20:16:38","date_gmt":"2010-08-02T18:16:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/azteque-htm\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:24:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:24:55","slug":"azteque","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/civilisations\/azteque\/","title":{"rendered":"Les AZTEQUES"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"Les Azt\u00e8ques<\/span> se sont install\u00e9s dans la vall\u00e9e centrale il y a environ 800 ans. \u00c0 l’origine, ils faisaient office de mercenaires et \u00e9taient les vassaux des souverains locaux comme Cozcoxtli, maitres de la cit\u00e9-Etat de culhuacan. Avec le temps, leur puissance s’accrut et ils fond\u00e8rent leur propre cit\u00e9 en un lieu choisi par Huitzilopochtli, leur dieu nourricier. La capitale Azt\u00e8que fut fond\u00e9e en accomplissement de la proph\u00e9tie du dieu. Celui-ci d\u00e9sirait la construction de la ville \u00e0 l’endroit o\u00f9 on apercevrait un aigle d\u00e9vorant un serpent sur un cactus poussant sur un rocher, au milieu d’un lac. C’est ainsi qu’en 1345 Tenochtitlan vit le jour. La cit\u00e9 allait finir par devenir cette grande m\u00e9tropole form\u00e9e aujourd’hui par Mexico<\/a>.<\/div>\n
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La capitale azt\u00e8que \u00e9tait \u00e0 tout points de vue extraordinaire. Construite sur une \u00eele au milieu d’un grand lac, elle \u00e9tait reli\u00e9e \u00e0 la terre ferme par des chauss\u00e9es. Fournissant de l’eau fra\u00eeche en abondance, le lac servait au transport de marchandises et repr\u00e9sentait une excellente source de nourriture. Les Azt\u00e8ques utilis\u00e9aient celui-ci pour leur culture en disposant la terre fertile de son lit sur des charpentes en bois, formant ainsi des jardins flottants.<\/div>\n
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Les Azt\u00e8ques r\u00e9gnaient par le biais d’une hi\u00e9rarchie s\u00e9v\u00e8re. Le souverain n’avait de compte \u00e0 rendre qu’\u00e0 Huitzilopochtli. Sa parole avait valeur de loi et il \u00e9tait trait\u00e9 en demi dieu. Pour le seconder, une classe de nobles en charge des affaires de l’Etat \u00e9tait dot\u00e9e en r\u00e9compense d’une richesse et d’un pouvoir consid\u00e9rables. La noblesse avait un statut \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 celui des pr\u00eatres, repr\u00e9sentants des dieux et responsables des rituels religieux, de l’\u00e9criture, de la m\u00e9decine et de l’astronomie. Puis venait les n\u00e9gociants, les commer\u00e7ants, les artisans et autres simples sujets. Le niveau le plus bas \u00e9tait occup\u00e9 par les esclaves, soit des prisonniers captur\u00e9s \u00e0 l’occasion d’une bataille et attendant leur mort sacrificielle, soit des personnes ayant pris l’\u00e9tat d’esclave de leur propre chef, en paiement d’une dette ou pour survivre \u00e0 une mauvaise r\u00e9colte. <\/div>\n
Les Azt\u00e8ques prosp\u00e9r\u00e8rent et prirent le contr\u00f4le de toute la vall\u00e9e centrale. Sous le r\u00e8gne de l’empereur Moctezuma Ier, l’empire s’\u00e9largit encore et m\u00eame la barri\u00e8re montagneuse de la vall\u00e9e ne put contenir sa puissance. L’\u00e9tat guerrier des Azt\u00e8ques s’engage\u00e2 alors dans des campagnes militaires \u00e0 longue distance pour s’\u00e9tendre jusqu’\u00e0 Oaxaca<\/a> au sud et \u00e0 Veracruz \u00e0 l’est.<\/div>\n
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Au centre de Tenochtitlan se dressait la pyramide de Huitzilopochtli, o\u00f9 dans un sacrifice toujours recommenc\u00e9, des coeurs humains \u00e9taient arrach\u00e9s \u00e0 des victimes vivantes avant d’\u00eatre offerts au dieu. \u00c0 l’image du monde maya, le sang \u00e9tait le ciment de l’univers Azt\u00e8ques. Huitzilopochtli \u00e9tait \u00e0 la fois le dieu de la Guerre et du Soleil-Levant, et les Azt\u00e8ques croyaient que les sacrifices humains leur garantissaient la victoire ainsi que l’apparition quotidienne de l’astre solaire et le maintien de l’univers.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>L’empire Azt\u00e8que connut une nouvelle extension spectaculaire sous le r\u00e8gne de Moctezuma ll. A son apog\u00e9e, le territoire couvrait ainsi une superficie de 150 000 km².<\/div>\n
En 1519, une petite flotte conduite par Hernan Cort\u00e9s<\/a>, capitaine aux ambitions hors du commun, allait changer pour toujours le visage du Mexique<\/a> en sonnant le glas des civilisations pr\u00e9colombiennes.<\/div>\n
Les Azt\u00e8ques ne furent pas les seuls \u00e0 \u00eatre touch\u00e9s par l’arriv\u00e9e des espagnols. On estime \u00e0 25 millions le nombre d’Indiens vivant dans la r\u00e9gion au d\u00e9but de la conqu\u00eate. Au bout d’un si\u00e8cle, il n’en restait plus que trois millions. Les autres avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s dans les batailles ou d\u00e9cim\u00e9s par l’introduction de maladies comme la variole contre lesquelles ils n’\u00e9taient pas immunis\u00e9s.<\/div>\n
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\"\"<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les Azt\u00e8ques se sont install\u00e9s dans la vall\u00e9e centrale il y a environ 800 ans. \u00c0 l’origine, ils faisaient office […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1936,"parent":1971,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1939","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLes AZTEQUES - 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