{"id":1961,"date":"2010-08-02T23:02:17","date_gmt":"2010-08-02T21:02:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/quipus-php\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:24:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:24:57","slug":"quipus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/civilisations\/quipus\/","title":{"rendered":"QUIPUS"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"Le quipu <\/span>est un assemblage de cordelettes nou\u00e9es qui servaient \u00e0 tenir les comptes. Si l’on connait \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s le r\u00f4le des quipus dans l’administration de l’empire, leur langage particulier reste un myst\u00e8re car seuls certains personnages pouvaient les manipuler et les interpr\u00e9ter. Selon les experts, les couleurs des cordelettes correspondaient \u00e0 certains types de marchandises, tandis que la hauteur des n\u0153uds repr\u00e9sentait les unit\u00e9s et les dizaines. Les quipus \u00e9taient aussi utilis\u00e9s dans les recensements.<\/p>\n
 <\/div>\n
Principe<\/strong><\/div>\n
Les quipus sont un syst\u00e8me d’\u00e9criture des nombres exprim\u00e9s dans un syst\u00e8me de num\u00e9ration positionnel en base 10. Chaque cordelette comporte trois types de noeud distincts :<\/div>\n
– Des noeuds simples, chacun repr\u00e9sentant une unit\u00e9, au plus au nombre de neuf; <\/div>\n
– Des noeuds compliqu\u00e9s, chacun repr\u00e9sentant une dizaine, au plus au nombre de neuf; <\/div>\n
– Des noeuds de huit, chacun repr\u00e9sentant une centaine, au plus au nombre de neuf. <\/div>\n
Un tel alignement de noeuds sur une cordellette permettait de former un nombre entier inf\u00e9rieur ou \u00e9gal \u00e0 999. Dans cette \u00e9criture des entiers, le 0 \u00e9tait remplac\u00e9 par l’absence de noeuds de tel ou tel type.<\/div>\n
L’\u00e9criture d’un entier sup\u00e9rieur demandait l’utilisation de plusieurs cordelettes. L’ajout d’une seconde cordelette attach\u00e9e \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re permettait de passer 999 \u00e0 1 000. Une \u00e9ventuelle troisi\u00e8me cordelette attach\u00e9e alors \u00e0 la seconde permettait le passage de 999 999 \u00e0 1 000 000.<\/div>\n
Exemple : 203 956 demande deux cordelettes :<\/div>\n
– La premi\u00e8re cordelette comporte 9 noeuds de huit, 5 noeuds compliqu\u00e9s, 6 noeuds simples; <\/div>\n
– La seconde comporte 2 noeuds de huit, aucun noeud compliqu\u00e9, 3 noeuds simples. <\/div>\n
La premi\u00e8re cordelette \u00e9tait attach\u00e9e \u00e0 une corde.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Contexte<\/strong><\/div>\n
Les quipus constituent un syst\u00e8me original de consignation de donn\u00e9es qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 developp\u00e9 tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9coc\u00e9ment dans le P\u00e9rou ancien, en effet, certains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dat\u00e9s de plus de huit mille ans.<\/div>\n
On connait surtout les quipus pour l’utilit\u00e9 qu’en avait l’administration inca. Ceux-ci s’en servaient pour toute la gestion \u00e9conomique et sociale de l’empire. Les quipucamayocs ("ma\u00eetres du Quipu"), pr\u00e9sents au nombre de trois au minimum dans chaque communaut\u00e9 recensaient toutes les donn\u00e9es d\u00e9mographiques et \u00e9conomiques du lieu. Ces donn\u00e9es renvoy\u00e9es vers les centres administratifs de l’empire permettaient aux Incas de contr\u00f4ler la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s, ces derniers pouvaient ainsi r\u00e9partir les surplus vers les communaut\u00e9s moins florissantes.<\/div>\n
Les Quipus semblent \u00e9galement avoir constitu\u00e9 un outil de communication dans l’ancien P\u00e9rou, Garcilaso de La Vega par exemple nous rapporte un t\u00e9moignage d’une telle utilisation. On sait en effet que les chaskis utilisaient ce syst\u00e8me pour transporter le message d’une r\u00e9gion \u00e0 l’autre de l’empire.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le quipu est un assemblage de cordelettes nou\u00e9es qui servaient \u00e0 tenir les comptes. Si l’on connait \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":1971,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1961","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nQUIPUS - 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