{"id":2054,"date":"2010-08-03T21:49:43","date_gmt":"2010-08-03T19:49:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/anastasio_somoza-htm\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:20","slug":"anastasio_somoza","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/anastasio_somoza\/","title":{"rendered":"ANASTASIO SOMOZA"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"ANASTASIO<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
 <\/div>\n
Somoza, Anastasio<\/span> (1896-1956), militaire, diplomate et chef de la Garde nationale, puis dirigeant du Nicaragua<\/a> de 1936 \u00e0 1956. Il est le fondateur d’une " dynastie " qui a gouvern\u00e9 le Nicaragua pendant plus de quarante-trois ans.<\/div>\n
N\u00e9 \u00e0 San Marcos (Nicaragua), fils d’un riche planteur de caf\u00e9 et mari\u00e9 \u00e0 une femme issue des rangs de l’aristocratie de Managua<\/a>, Anastasio Somoza, surnomm\u00e9 " Tacho ", suit des \u00e9tudes \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires dans son pays, avant d’\u00eatre inscrit au Pierce School of Business Administration de Philadelphie (\u00c9tats-Unis), o\u00f9 il compl\u00e8te sa formation.<\/div>\n
Apr\u00e8s avoir effectu\u00e9 plusieurs missions diplomatiques, Anastasio Somoza s’installe d\u00e9finitivement au Nicaragua, devient un membre important du Parti lib\u00e9ral et, en 1933, est d\u00e9sign\u00e9 chef de la Garde nationale. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, le Nicaragua est occup\u00e9 par des troupes nord-am\u00e9ricaines qui combattent l’insurrection d’Augusto Sandino<\/a>. En 1934, les sandinistes ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 vaincus, c’est lui-m\u00eame qui ordonne l’ex\u00e9cution de Sandino, alors que celui-ci avait pourtant d\u00e9pos\u00e9 les armes. <\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Apr\u00e8s avoir particip\u00e9 au coup d’\u00c9tat perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 contre le pr\u00e9sident Juan Bautista Sacasa, en 1936, il devient pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique, de 1937 \u00e0 1947 ; puis, \u00e0 la suite d’un interm\u00e8de de plus de trois ans (durant lequel il garde toutefois le contr\u00f4le du pouvoir), il revient directement aux affaires de 1951 \u00e0 1956. Avec le soutien des \u00c9tats-Unis, il instaure alors un r\u00e9gime personnel fond\u00e9 sur le n\u00e9potisme et sur la r\u00e9pression. Pour stabiliser son pouvoir, il parvient \u00e0 gagner une partie de l’opposition conservatrice, qui marchande son silence contre une participation au gouvernement. <\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Sous son mandat, le Nicaragua devient une base solide de la guerre froide, favorable \u00e0 l’intervention militaire nord-am\u00e9ricaine en Am\u00e9rique centrale, contre tout r\u00e9gime oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 l’h\u00e9g\u00e9monie r\u00e9gionale des \u00c9tats-Unis. C’est le cas, par exemple en 1954, au Guatemala, lors du renversement du r\u00e9gime constitutionnel de Jacobo Arbenz, qui ouvre la voie \u00e0 plusieurs d\u00e9cennies de guerre civile dans ce pays. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’impunit\u00e9 dont il b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie, Anastasio Somoza amasse une \u00e9norme fortune personnelle. Sa famille et ses proches accaparent les richesses du pays. Le revenu net annuel du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 environ un million de dollars. <\/div>\n
Apr\u00e8s son assassinat en 1956 (au cours d’un attentat commis \u00e0 Le\u00f3n, par un jeune opposant), Luis Somoza Debayle, son fils a\u00een\u00e9, prend sa succession de 1956 \u00e0 1963. N\u00e9anmoins, il n’a pas la poigne de son p\u00e8re. En f\u00e9vrier 1967, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, son fils cadet, devient \u00e0 son tour pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique nicaraguayenne. Il est renvers\u00e9 en 1979 par un fort mouvement de contestation dirig\u00e9 par le Front sandiniste de lib\u00e9ration nationale (FSLN). Son \u00e9chec met fin \u00e0 la dynastie des Somoza.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\n
REPERES<\/span> <\/div>\n
1896<\/span> – Naissance d’Anastasio Somoza <\/div>\n
1933<\/span> – Chef de la Garde nationale <\/div>\n
1937<\/span> – Pr\u00e9sident de la r\u00e9publique <\/div>\n
1956<\/span> – Mort de Somoza<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Somoza, Anastasio (1896-1956), militaire, diplomate et chef de la Garde nationale, puis dirigeant du Nicaragua de 1936 \u00e0 1956. 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