{"id":2524,"date":"2010-11-15T00:43:51","date_gmt":"2010-11-14T23:43:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/christophe_colomb-htm\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:21","slug":"christophe_colomb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/christophe_colomb\/","title":{"rendered":"CHRISTOPHE COLOMB"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Christophe Colomb<\/span><\/strong> (n\u00e9 en 1451 \u00e0 G\u00eanes, Italie<\/a> – d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 le 20 mai 1506 \u00e0 Valladolid, Espagne<\/a>) est un navigateur espagnol, « d\u00e9couvreur » des Am\u00e9riques et fut vice-roi des « Indes occidentales »<\/div>\n
Christophe Colomb nait \u00e0 G\u00eanes et devient tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t marin. En 1476, il embarque sur un convoi en partance pour Lisbonne puis l’Angleterre<\/a>. Le convoi est attaqu\u00e9 par les fran\u00e7ais et Christophe Colomb se r\u00e9fugie \u00e0 Lagos puis part chez son fr\u00e8re, cartographe \u00e0 Lisbonne. Il \u00e9pouse en 1479 Filipa Perestrlo e Moniz, fille d’un des premiers colonisateurs de l’\u00eele de Mad\u00e8re. Elle mourra peu de temps apr\u00e8s la naissance de leur seul fils. Christophe Colomb se perfectionne alors aux sciences de la navigation en voyageant notamment en Afrique. C’est aux alentours de 1484 que l’id\u00e9e de passer par l’Atlantique pour aller aux Indes lui vient.<\/div>\n
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Le jeune navigateur est loin d’\u00eatre le seul \u00e0 penser une telle chose qui parait impossible \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque. Une partie de la communaut\u00e9 scientifique de l’\u00e9poque croit en la probabilit\u00e9 d’une telle exp\u00e9dition gr\u00e2ce notamment aux \u00e9crits de Ptol\u00e9m\u00e9e qui a m\u00eame fait des estimations sur la distance \u00e0 parcourir : 16 090 km. La distance largement fausse parait trop importante \u00e0 Colomb qui la r\u00e9duit \u00e0 2 414 km.<\/div>\n
Le projet est sur pied, mais le futur explorateur n’est pas au bout de ses peines. Un groupe d’experts choisit par le roi Jean II du Portugal rejette son projet. Colomb se tourne alors en direction des chefs d’Etats rivaux du Portugal. Il est re\u00e7u par Isabelle de Castille en 1486, mais une r\u00e9ponse n\u00e9gative lui est \u00e0 nouveau rendue en 1490. En 1491, sa demande est en passe d’\u00eatre accept\u00e9e mais sa trop grande ambition fait \u00e9chouer sa qu\u00eate, il veut notamment \u00eatre vice-roi de toutes les terres d\u00e9couvertes et obtenir un titre de noblesse. C’est gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’insistance du conseiller du roi Ferdinand que le projet est approuv\u00e9 par la Reine notamment aux vues des possibles retomb\u00e9es \u00e9conomiques: n’oublions pas que c’est une nouvelle route vers les Indes qui risque d’\u00eatre d\u00e9couverte.<\/div>\n
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Le 3 ao\u00fbt 1492, Colomb est au d\u00e9part \u00e0 Palos avec 3 navires et 90 membres d’\u00e9quipage. Une premi\u00e8re escale a lieu aux Canaries, mais les tensions se font d\u00e9j\u00e0 ressentir entre Colomb et ses marins. Le 12 octobre, la terre est en vue, se sera la future San Salvador (Guanahami). Premi\u00e8re rencontre avec les indig\u00e8nes que Colomb nomme "Indiens" d’apr\u00e8s la conception du continent qu’il croyait aborder; ceux-ci lui indiquent que de l’or se trouve plus \u00e0 l’Ouest. Le 28 octobre, Colomb mouille \u00e0 Cuba<\/a> o\u00f9 il pense connaitre parfaitement sa position sur le continent asiatique. Alors qu’il longe les c\u00f4tes cubaines en direction de l’Est, le capitaine de la Pinta, l’une des 3 caravelles de l’exp\u00e9dition d\u00e9serte avec son \u00e9quipage afin de chercher de l’or. L’exp\u00e9dition s’av\u00e8re fructueuse et de l’or coule \u00e0 flot, mais la santa Maria s’\u00e9choue et devient inutilisable. Apr\u00e8s avoir laiss\u00e9 39 hommes dans une fortification de fortune sur le continent, l’explorateur rentre en Espagne o\u00f9 il croise la Pinta.<\/div>\n
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Rentr\u00e9 en Espagne, il pr\u00e9pare une nouvelle exp\u00e9dition beaucoup plus ambitieuse, il l\u00e8ve l’ancre pour un nouveau voyage en septembre 1493 avec une flotte de 17 navires et environ 1500 hommes, son objectif : fonder une colonie. A son retour \u00e0 Cuba, le fort a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truit par les Indiens et il d\u00e9cide de s’installer un peu plus loin. Il pr\u00e9pare une flotille vers l’Ouest pour explorer les c\u00f4tes sud de Cuba. Son enthousiasme d’avoir trouver l’Inde est visible dans sa correspondance avec le royaume d’Espagne qu’il ne rejoindra qu’en 1496.<\/div>\n
En 1498, nouveau d\u00e9part, nouvelle flotte compos\u00e9e de 8 navires. Il arrive le 31 juillet \u00e0 l’ \u00eele de Trinidad avec seulement trois navires, le reste de la flotille ayant rejoint Hispaniola afin de mettre fin \u00e0 la p\u00e9nurie de produit de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de la colonie. Il se trouve \u00e0 quelques lieues de la c\u00f4te sud-am\u00e9ricaine et devine la pr\u00e9sence du continent mais la colonie est d\u00e9sorganis\u00e9e. Colomb est rappel\u00e9 d’urgence \u00e0 la cour d’Espagne pour \u00eatre jug\u00e9 par Ferdinand et Isabelle en cons\u00e9quence des nombreuses plaintes re\u00e7ues envers lui et son fr\u00e8re.<\/div>\n
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L’issue du proc\u00e8s lui est finalement assez favorable et il peut repartir en 1502; il est cependant \u00e9cart\u00e9 de la gestion de la colonie. Arriv\u00e9 sur les c\u00f4tes de l’actuel Honduras<\/a>, il navigue en direction du Sud \u00e0 la recherche d’un passage vers l’Ouest. L’or abondant au Panama<\/a>, de nombreux conflits \u00e9clatent avec les indig\u00e8nes. Colomb se trouve en face de l’isthme du Panama qu’il prend pour celui de Malaisie<\/a>. Peu \u00e0 peu ses navires sont d\u00e9truits et il envoie r\u00e9clamer de l’aide aupr\u00e8s de la colonie d’Hispaniola qui ne se presse pas. Il revient piteusement en 1504 en Espagne.<\/div>\n
Il meurt en 1506 \u00e0 Valladolid, certe persuad\u00e9 d’avoir d\u00e9couvert la route des Indes mais frustr\u00e9 par le nombres de privil\u00e8ges qui lui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soustraits.<\/div>\n
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source Wikip\u00e9dia<\/span><\/div>\n
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REPERES<\/span><\/div>\n
1451<\/span> – Naissance de Christophe Colomb<\/div>\n
1492<\/span> – Il d\u00e9couvre le nouveau monde<\/div>\n
1493<\/span> – Second voyage avec 17 navires<\/div>\n
1498<\/span> – Troisi\u00e9me voyage avec 8 navires<\/div>\n
1502<\/span> – Il effectue son 4\u00e9me et dernier voyage<\/div>\n
1506<\/span> – Il meurt \u00e0 l’age de 55 ans<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Christophe Colomb (n\u00e9 en 1451 \u00e0 G\u00eanes, Italie – d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 le 20 mai 1506 \u00e0 Valladolid, Espagne) est un […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2523,"parent":2633,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2524","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nCHRISTOPHE COLOMB - 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