{"id":2528,"date":"2010-11-15T00:59:57","date_gmt":"2010-11-14T23:59:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/daniel_ortega-htm\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:21","slug":"daniel_ortega","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/daniel_ortega\/","title":{"rendered":"DANIEL ORTEGA"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"Homme d’\u00c9tat nicaraguayen, pr\u00e9sident de la r\u00e9publique du Nicaragua de (1984 \u00e0 1990 et \u00e0 partir de 2007. <\/div>\n
N\u00e9 en 1945 \u00e0 La Libertad, Daniel Ortega<\/strong><\/span> commence des \u00e9tudes de droit \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 d’Am\u00e9rique centrale de Managua. Il abandonne la facult\u00e9 en 1963 pour se rallier au Front sandiniste de lib\u00e9ration nationale<\/a> (FSLN) et se consacrer \u00e0 la lutte contre la dictature du clan Somoza, au pouvoir depuis 1956. En 1967, il prend la t\u00eate du Mouvement urbain de r\u00e9sistance, la plus mod\u00e9r\u00e9e des trois factions du FSLN en gu\u00e9rilla contre Somoza. Incarc\u00e9r\u00e9 de 1967 \u00e0 1974 pour le cambriolage d’une banque, il est exil\u00e9 \u00e0 Cuba \u00e0 sa sortie de prison mais regagne clandestinement le Nicaragua pour rejoindre le FSLN. <\/div>\n
\u00c0 la chute du dictateur Anastasio Somoza Debayle<\/a>, en juillet 1979, Daniel Ortega participe au gouvernement de Reconstruction nationale form\u00e9 par les sandinistes, soutenu par l’ensemble de la population. Apr\u00e8s le retrait de Violeta Chamorro, oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 l’orientation marxiste du nouveau gouvernement, il prend la direction de la junte sandiniste. Celle-ci s’attelle \u00e0 la reconstruction du pays d\u00e9vast\u00e9 par la dynastie Somoza durant la plus longue dictature de l’histoire de l’Am\u00e9rique latine. Daniel Ortega met en \u0153uvre un plan de d\u00e9veloppement d’inspiration socialiste en lan\u00e7ant notamment un vaste programme de nationalisations, une r\u00e9forme agraire comprenant, entre autres, la confiscation des terres, une campagne d’alphab\u00e9tisation et en d\u00e9veloppant l’acc\u00e8s aux soins et \u00e0 l’enseignement. Contraint de se tourner vers l’ext\u00e9rieur pour trouver l’aide financi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la reconstruction du pays, tout en pr\u00e9servant sa neutralit\u00e9 et sa pluralit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, il s’efforce de trouver un soutien financier aupr\u00e8s des pays d’Am\u00e9rique latine et d’Europe occidentale<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Avec l’arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir de Ronald Reagan, qui succ\u00e8de \u00e0 Jimmy Carter \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence des \u00c9tats-Unis en 1981, les relations entre le Nicaragua et son puissant voisin changent radicalement. Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain suspend son aide financi\u00e8re et multiplie les pressions \u00e9conomiques, militaires et diplomatiques contre la junte sandiniste. Les \u00c9tats-Unis apportent notamment leur soutien aux contre-r\u00e9volutionnaires (les contras) qui luttent contre les forces sandinistes au nord et au sud du pays, et minent les ports nicaraguayens. <\/div>\n
En 1984, Daniel Ortega est \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique avec 67 p. 100 des voix. La participation qui s’\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 79 p. 100 t\u00e9moigne de la permanence du soutien de la population au leader sandiniste \u00e9lu pour six ans \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l’\u00c9tat. La m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, il \u00e9tablit des n\u00e9gociations avec les responsables politiques am\u00e9ricains et accepte de signer le trait\u00e9 de paix r\u00e9gional r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par le groupe Contadora (Colombie, Mexique, Panam\u00e1 et Venezuela). Au terme d’une longue guerre civile, tr\u00e8s co\u00fbteuse pour les sandinistes et pour l’\u00e9conomie nationale (les \u00c9tats-Unis imposent un embargo commercial depuis 1985 au pays), il accepte d’organiser des \u00e9lections libres en 1990 en contrepartie du d\u00e9sarmement des contras.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Daniel Ortega, pr\u00e9sident sortant, obtient 40,8 p. 100 des suffrages aux \u00e9lections de f\u00e9vrier 1990. Il est battu par Violeta Chamorro<\/a>, candidate d’une coalition conservatrice soutenue par les \u00c9tats-Unis, qui recueille 54,7 p. 100 des suffrages. Alors que la nouvelle pr\u00e9sidente a consenti \u00e0 maintenir des sandinistes au sein du gouvernement et \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l’arm\u00e9e, Daniel Ortega, nomm\u00e9 secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du FSLN en juillet 1991, contribue \u00e0 l’affaiblissement de son parti par ses m\u00e9thodes autoritaires. En f\u00e9vrier 1995, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Humberto Ortega, fr\u00e8re de Daniel Ortega et ministre de la D\u00e9fense, doit quitter son poste sous les pressions nationales et internationales. <\/div>\n
Daniel Ortega est une nouvelle fois battu \u00e0 l’\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle d’octobre 1996, par le candidat de l’Alliance lib\u00e9rale Arnoldo Alem\u00e1n, qui recueille 51,02 p. 100 des suffrages, le leader sandiniste en obtenant 37,75 p. 100. <\/div>\n
Fort de la victoire du FSLN aux \u00e9lections municipales de novembre 2000, Daniel Ortega se porte une nouvelle fois candidat \u00e0 l’\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de novembre 2001, contre le candidat du Parti lib\u00e9ral constitutionnaliste (PLC), Enrique Bolanos. Daniel Ortega, qui a transform\u00e9 le FSLN en parti social-d\u00e9mocrate depuis 1995, axe sa campagne sur la r\u00e9conciliation nationale, la paix civile et l’amour. Alors que les sondages pronostiquent un duel au coude \u00e0 coude, Daniel Ortega \u00e9choue pour la troisi\u00e8me fois cons\u00e9cutive avec 42,3 p. 100 des suffrages contre 56,3 p. 100 pour Enrique Bolanos. Apr\u00e8s avoir reconnu sa d\u00e9faite, il appelle \u00e0 une " opposition critique mais constructive ". Il si\u00e8ge \u00e0 l’Assembl\u00e9e nationale aupr\u00e8s d’Arnoldo Alem\u00e1n, en vertu d’un amendement \u00e0 la Constitution qui garantit un si\u00e8ge de d\u00e9put\u00e9 pour le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique sortant et un pour le candidat arriv\u00e9 deuxi\u00e8me lors du scrutin pr\u00e9sidentiel, et conclut un pacte de partage des pouvoirs avec l’ancien pr\u00e9sident, malgr\u00e9 la condamnation de celui-ci pour corruption, qui aboutit \u00e0 une paralysie des institutions et suscite de nombreuses critiques dans les rangs sandinistes.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Lors de sa quatri\u00e8me tentative en novembre 2006, seize ans apr\u00e8s avoir quitt\u00e9 le pouvoir, Daniel Ortega est \u00e9lu \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence de la R\u00e9publique face \u00e0 Eduardo Montealegre, avec 37,99 p. 100 des voix et une marge suffisante pour l’emporter d\u00e8s le premier tour. Affichant ses volont\u00e9s de r\u00e9conciliation nationale, il a pour colistier un ancien dirigeant de la Contra et adopte un discours mod\u00e9r\u00e9, annon\u00e7ant qu’il respectera la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e et l’\u00e9conomie de march\u00e9 et cherchera \u00e0 favoriser les investissements \u00e9trangers. Malgr\u00e9 ces prises de positions mod\u00e9r\u00e9es, le retour au pouvoir du leader sandiniste est observ\u00e9 avec m\u00e9fiance par l’administration de George W. Bush, qui comprend d’anciens responsables de la lutte contre les sandinistes pendant le gouvernement Reagan, dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 par de nombreuses victoires de la gauche en Am\u00e9rique latine au cours de l’ann\u00e9e 2006. En revanche, au Nicaragua, Daniel Ortega est soutenu par une population tr\u00e8s jeune (pr\u00e8s de 60 p. 100 de la population a moins de 24 ans en 2006) qui en majorit\u00e9 n’a pas connu la p\u00e9riode sandiniste.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
REPERES<\/span><\/div>\n
1945 <\/span>– Naissance de Daniel Ortega<\/div>\n
1979 <\/span>– Il participe au 1er gouvernement sandiniste<\/div>\n
1984 <\/span>– Il est \u00e9lu \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence<\/div>\n
2006 <\/span>– Il est r\u00e9\u00e9lu \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence, apr\u00e8s trois \u00e9checs.<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Homme d’\u00c9tat nicaraguayen, pr\u00e9sident de la r\u00e9publique du Nicaragua de (1984 \u00e0 1990 et \u00e0 partir de 2007.  N\u00e9 en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":2633,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2528","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nDANIEL ORTEGA - 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