{"id":2577,"date":"2010-12-07T00:25:04","date_gmt":"2010-12-06T23:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/gonzalo_sanchez_de_lozada-htm\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:22","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:22","slug":"gonzalo_sanchez_de_lozada","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/gonzalo_sanchez_de_lozada\/","title":{"rendered":"GONZALO SANCHEZ de LOZADA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-2576\" src=\"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/gonzalo-sanchez-de-lozada.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" vspace=\"9\" hspace=\"15\" height=\"220\" align=\"right\" srcset=\"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/gonzalo-sanchez-de-lozada.jpg 220w, https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/gonzalo-sanchez-de-lozada-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/>Industriel et homme d&rsquo;Etat, pr\u00e9sident de la r\u00e9publique (1993-1997 et 2002-2003), il n\u00e9 \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/bolivie\/la_paz\">La Paz<\/a> en 1930. <span style=\"color: rgb(255, 153, 0); \"><strong>Gonzalo S\u00e1nchez de Lozada<\/strong><\/span>, famili\u00e8rement surnomm\u00e9 &quot; Goni &quot;, grandit aux \u00c9tats-Unis, o\u00f9 son p\u00e8re occupe un poste de diplomate. Apr\u00e8s des \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures en philosophie et en litt\u00e9rature, il retourne en <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/bolivie\/\">Bolivie<\/a> en 1951, o\u00f9 il dirige successivement une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de production cin\u00e9matographique et une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la prospection p\u00e9troli\u00e8re. En 1962, il fonde la Compa\u00f1ia Minera del Sur (Comsur), qui devient l&rsquo;une des plus grandes compagnies mini\u00e8res d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Sud en \u00e0 peine deux d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>En 1979, il est l&rsquo;un des industriels les plus puissants du pays quand il se tourne vers la politique et rejoint le Mouvement nationaliste r\u00e9volutionnaire (MNR, centre droit). Apr\u00e8s plusieurs mandats de d\u00e9put\u00e9, il devient pr\u00e9sident du S\u00e9nat puis ministre de la Planification (1986-1989).<\/div>\n<div>Elu \u00e0 la t\u00eate du MNR en 1990, il se pr\u00e9sente \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de juin 1993. Pour pallier son d\u00e9ficit de popularit\u00e9 (une partie de la population le surnomme notamment &quot; el gringo &quot; en raison de son accent am\u00e9ricain) il axe sa campagne sur les questions sociales et l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration des minorit\u00e9s am\u00e9rindiennes. Il l&#8217;emporte avec 33,8 p 100 des suffrages d\u00e8s le premier tour, apr\u00e8s le retrait de l&rsquo;ancien dictateur Hugo Banzer, arriv\u00e9 en deuxi\u00e8me position.<\/div>\n<div>Alors que Gonzalo S\u00e1nchez de Lozada n&rsquo;est pas autoris\u00e9 par la Constitution \u00e0 briguer un deuxi\u00e8me mandat cons\u00e9cutif, le scrutin pr\u00e9sidentiel de 1997 se solde par la d\u00e9faite du MNR au profit de Hugo Banzer.<\/div>\n<div>Sur fond de grave crise \u00e9conomique, Gonzalo S\u00e1nchez de Lozada est r\u00e9\u00e9lu \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence en ao\u00fbt 2002. Pour tenter de d\u00e9samorcer le mouvement social, il annonce le &quot; plan Bolivie &quot;, vaste programme de lutte contre le ch\u00f4mage et la pauvret\u00e9.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>En f\u00e9vrier 2003, plusieurs villes boliviennes sont le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de violentes \u00e9meutes apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;annonce d&rsquo;un nouvel imp\u00f4t direct. En octobre, la question de l&rsquo;exportation de gaz naturel vers l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord provoque de nouveaux soul\u00e8vements \u00e0 El Alto, dans la banlieue de La Paz. Les manifestations syndicales et paysannes, violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police et l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e, se soldent par la mort de pr\u00e8s de 80 personnes. Devant l&rsquo;ampleur du mouvement populaire, le pr\u00e9sident bolivien est contraint \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission et \u00e0 l&rsquo;exil vers les \u00c9tats-Unis. Le 17 octobre, il est remplac\u00e9 \u00e0 la t\u00eate du pays par le vice-pr\u00e9sident Carlos Mesa.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div><span class=\"tsource\">Source encarta<\/span><\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div><span class=\"person\">REPERES<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"person-date\">1930<\/span> &#8211; Naissance de&nbsp;Gonzalo S\u00e1nchez de Lozada<\/div>\n<div><span class=\"person-date\">1993<\/span> &#8211; Il est \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident<\/div>\n<div><span class=\"person-date\">2002<\/span> &#8211; Il est r\u00e9\u00e9lu \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence<\/div>\n<div><span class=\"person-date\">2003<\/span> &#8211; Il doit c\u00e9der le pouvoir<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Industriel et homme d&rsquo;Etat, pr\u00e9sident de la r\u00e9publique (1993-1997 et 2002-2003), il n\u00e9 \u00e0 La Paz en 1930. Gonzalo S\u00e1nchez [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2576,"parent":2633,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2577","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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