{"id":2592,"date":"2010-12-08T02:46:53","date_gmt":"2010-12-08T01:46:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/juan_santamaria-htm\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:22","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:22","slug":"juan_santamaria","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/juan_santamaria\/","title":{"rendered":"JUAN SANTAMARIA"},"content":{"rendered":"
Juan Santamar\u00eda<\/strong><\/span> (29 ao\u00fbt 1831 – 11 avril 1856), est reconnu officiellement comme le h\u00e9ros national de la R\u00e9publique du Costa Rica. Un jour f\u00e9ri\u00e9, le D\u00eda de Juan Santamar\u00eda, a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 au Costa Rica, le 11 avril pour comm\u00e9morer sa mort.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Santamar\u00eda naquit dans la ville d’Alajuela, dans la province \u00e9ponyme. Quand l’aventurier et mercenaire am\u00e9ricain William Walker renversa le gouvernement du Nicaragua et tenta de conqu\u00e9rir les autres nations d’Am\u00e9rique centrale, y compris le Costa Rica, dans le but de cr\u00e9er un empire personnel et esclavagiste, le pr\u00e9sident du Costa Rica Juan Rafael Mora Porras appella la population \u00e0 prendre les armes et \u00e0 marcher sur le Nicaragua pour lutter contre l’envahisseur \u00e9tranger. Santamar\u00eda, un pauvre travailleur et enfant adult\u00e9rin d’une m\u00e8re esseul\u00e9e, s’engagea dans l’arm\u00e9e en tant que tambours. Les autres soldats le surnomm\u00e8rent el erizo ("le h\u00e9risson") en raison de ses cheveux en pic.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Apr\u00e8s avoir crois\u00e9 un contingent de soldats de Walker \u00e0 Santa Rosa, (province de Guanacaste), les troupes costaricaines continu\u00e8rent leur marche vers le nord et atteignirent la ville de Rivas, au Nicaragua, le 8 avril 1856. Les combats furent f\u00e9roces mais les Costaricains ne r\u00e9ussirent pas \u00e0 d\u00e9loger les hommes de Walker d’une auberge pr\u00e8s du centre-ville qui leur assurait une position dominante.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
La l\u00e9gende raconte que, le 11 avril le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral costaricain Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Ca\u00f1as sugg\u00e9ra qu’un soldat s’avance vers l’auberge munit d’une torche pour y mettre le feu. Plusieurs soldats essay\u00e8rent et \u00e9chou\u00e8rent, et finalement Santamar\u00eda se porta volontaire \u00e0 la seule condition que, si jamais il venait \u00e0 mourir, d’autres soldats prennent soin de sa m\u00e8re. Il s’avan\u00e7a mais fut mortellement bless\u00e9 par le feu ennemi. Cependant, juste avant de mourir, il parvint \u00e0 mettre le feu \u00e0 l’auberge, contibuant ainsi d\u00e9sicivement \u00e0 la victoire costaricaine \u00e0 Rivas.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Ce r\u00e9cit est apparemment corobor\u00e9 par la demande de pension d’\u00c9tat remplie en novembre 1857 par la m\u00e8re de Santamar\u00eda, ainsi que par des documents gouvernementaux montrant que la pension \u00e9tait bel et bien vers\u00e9e. Plusieurs historiens, se sont cependant interrog\u00e9s sur la v\u00e9racit\u00e9 du r\u00e9cit, et si Santamaria mourrut effectivement lors de cette bataille ou lors d’une autre. \u00c0 une \u00e9poque, \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle, des intellectuels et politiciens Costaricains s’empar\u00e8rent du symbole que repr\u00e9sentait Juan Santamar\u00eda pour d\u00e9fendre leurs id\u00e9es nationalistes.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Juan Santamar\u00eda poss\u00e8de sa statue sur la place centrale d’Alajuela, ainsi que son propre mus\u00e9e dans la m\u00eame ville, le corps et l’uniforme de la statue ne corresponde pas \u00e0 sa description en raison d’une erreur d’acheminement: une statue d’un soldat fran\u00e7ais destin\u00e9e \u00e0 Ha\u00efti fut livr\u00e9e \u00e0 la place, et la statue de Santamar\u00eda, fut envoy\u00e9e \u00e0 Alajuela. Le principal a\u00e9roport international du Costa Rica porte son nom.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Source : Wikip\u00e9dia<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Juan Santamar\u00eda (29 ao\u00fbt 1831 – 11 avril 1856), est reconnu officiellement comme le h\u00e9ros national de la R\u00e9publique du […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":2633,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2592","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nJUAN SANTAMARIA - Abc-latina<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Juan Santamaria, h\u00e9ros national du Costa rica.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/juan_santamaria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"JUAN SANTAMARIA - Abc-latina\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Juan Santamaria, h\u00e9ros national du Costa rica.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/juan_santamaria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Abc-latina\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-30T16:25:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/personnalites\\\/juan_santamaria\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/personnalites\\\/juan_santamaria\\\/\",\"name\":\"JUAN SANTAMARIA - Abc-latina\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2010-12-08T01:46:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-30T16:25:22+00:00\",\"description\":\"Juan Santamaria, h\u00e9ros national du Costa rica.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/personnalites\\\/juan_santamaria\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/personnalites\\\/juan_santamaria\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/personnalites\\\/juan_santamaria\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"JUAN SANTAMARIA\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Abc-latina\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Abc-latina\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/cropped-logo.gif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/cropped-logo.gif\",\"width\":89,\"height\":84,\"caption\":\"Abc-latina\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abc-latina.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"JUAN SANTAMARIA - Abc-latina","description":"Juan Santamaria, h\u00e9ros national du Costa rica.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/juan_santamaria\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"JUAN SANTAMARIA - Abc-latina","og_description":"Juan Santamaria, h\u00e9ros national du Costa rica.","og_url":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/juan_santamaria\/","og_site_name":"Abc-latina","article_modified_time":"2026-04-30T16:25:22+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/juan_santamaria\/","url":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/juan_santamaria\/","name":"JUAN SANTAMARIA - Abc-latina","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2010-12-08T01:46:53+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-30T16:25:22+00:00","description":"Juan Santamaria, h\u00e9ros national du Costa rica.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/juan_santamaria\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/juan_santamaria\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/juan_santamaria\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"JUAN SANTAMARIA"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/","name":"Abc-latina","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/#organization","name":"Abc-latina","url":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cropped-logo.gif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cropped-logo.gif","width":89,"height":84,"caption":"Abc-latina"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2592","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2592"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2592\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3844,"href":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2592\/revisions\/3844"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}