{"id":2596,"date":"2010-12-08T03:16:22","date_gmt":"2010-12-08T02:16:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/juscelino_kubitschek-htm\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:22","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:22","slug":"juscelino_kubitschek","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/juscelino_kubitschek\/","title":{"rendered":"JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/span>Juscelino Kubitschek<\/span>, le p\u00e8re de Brasilia<\/a>, \u00e9tait un Mineiro-Gerais, un homme du Minas, cette Auvergne du Br\u00e9sil. Il \u00e9tait n\u00e9 le 12 d\u00e9cembre 1902 \u00e0 Diamantina<\/a>, dans une famille modeste. Sa m\u00e8re \u00e9tait une solide femme aux yeux clairs ayant conserv\u00e9 de ses a\u00efeux moraves une \u00e9nergie peu ordinaire. Son p\u00e8re, de Oliveira, \u00e9tait un petit fonctionnaire qui mourut jeune. Juscelino fut \u00e9lev\u00e9 par sa m\u00e8re, qui exer\u00e7ait la profession d’institutrice \u00e0 Diamantina. La cit\u00e9 avait connu au dix-neuvi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle la ru\u00e9e des prospecteurs de diamants. Puis elle s’\u00e9tait assoupie apr\u00e8s le "boom"de la mineracao. <\/p>\n
 <\/div>\n
L’\u00e9ducation maternelle fut rude mais efficace. "Je dois tout \u00e0 ma m\u00e8re", disait Juscelino. Il d\u00e9cide, ses \u00e9tudes secondaires termin\u00e9es, d’\u00e9tudier la m\u00e9decine \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de Belo-Horizonte<\/a>. Mais il lui faut gagner sa vie. Juscelino prend le chemin de fer \u00e0 voie \u00e9troite et chauffant au bois qui reliait alors Diamantina \u00e0 Belo-Horizonte. <\/div>\n
T\u00e9l\u00e9graphiste le jour ou gardien la nuit, il entreprend sa m\u00e9decine, passe l’internat. Chirurgien, il obtient une bourse pour un stage de perfectionnement \u00e0 Paris. Il est affect\u00e9 \u00e0 l’h\u00f4pital Cochin et d\u00e9couvre ce qu’il appelle "les richesses de la tradition, le sens de la culture, l’\u00e9quilibre, la gaiet\u00e9". Il profite de cette escale europ\u00e9enne pour se rendre en Tch\u00e9coslovaquie, sur la terre de ses anc\u00eatres. <\/div>\n
Gouverneur du Minas de 1950 \u00e0 1955 puis pr\u00e9sident de la r\u00e9publique<\/a> de 1955 \u00e0 1961, il met en pratique un plan qui lui permettra plus tard d’affirmer qu’il avait fait progresser le Br\u00e9sil "de cinquante ans en cinq ans". Les routes, les barrages, les centrales, les usines : tels sont alors et tels seront de 1956 \u00e0 1961 les "mots-cl\u00e9s"de son programme. <\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Pour imposer Brasilia, il dut lutter contre les sarcasmes, l’apathie ou l’indiff\u00e9rence de la majorit\u00e9 des Br\u00e9siliens. En fait, l’id\u00e9e de transf\u00e9rer la capitale f\u00e9d\u00e9rale sur le haut plateau du Goias n’\u00e9tait pas neuve. Le premier projet remonte \u00e0 1853. Une commission gouvernementale avait, en 1934, choisi le site. Mais la poussi\u00e8re avait recouvert tous les dossiers quand Juscelino proclama : "Je ferai Brasilia !"Il tint parole. En mars 1957, le concours donna la pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux architectes Lucio Costa et Oscar Niemeyer, qui avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 construit le minist\u00e8re de l’\u00e9ducation \u00e0 Rio<\/a>. L’inauguration officielle eut lieu le 21 avril 1960 dans une atmosph\u00e8re de recueillement et d’\u00e9tonnement au milieu des tourbillons de rouges poussi\u00e8res lat\u00e9ritiques emport\u00e9es par le vent de la savane. <\/div>\n
Juscelino ne passa que cinq mois, les derniers de son mandat, dans le d\u00e9licat palais de l’Alvorada. Il s’effor\u00e7a d’acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le transfert r\u00e9el des pouvoirs, des hommes et des dossiers. L’homme du Minas \u00e9tait parfaitement \u00e0 l’aise dans ce d\u00e9cor de pionnier. Dans son esprit, Brasilia n’\u00e9tait pas une fin, mais un moyen. La cit\u00e9 futuriste aux "super-blocs"et au r\u00e9seau d’autoroutes entrecrois\u00e9es n’avait de sens que si elle pouvait favoriser la cr\u00e9ation de nouvelles villes et de nouveaux centres de vie. Kubitschek pr\u00e9tendait r\u00e9ussir avec la route ce que les Am\u00e9ricains du Nord avaient r\u00e9alis\u00e9 avec le rail. Il s’agissait, selon sa propre formule, de "faire participer 6 millions de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s de territoires au progr\u00e8s g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Br\u00e9sil".<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Marcel Niedergang<\/span><\/div>\n
Le Monde du 24 ao\u00fbt 1976<\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
REPERES<\/span><\/div>\n
1902<\/span> – Naissance de Juscelino Kubitschek<\/div>\n
1945<\/span> – Il est \u00e9lu maire de Belo Horizonte<\/div>\n
1950<\/span> – Il est \u00e9lu gouverneur du Minas Gerais<\/div>\n
1956<\/span> – Il est \u00e9lu \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence du pays<\/div>\n
1976<\/span> – Il meurt \u00e0 l’age de 73 ans<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Juscelino Kubitschek, le p\u00e8re de Brasilia, \u00e9tait un Mineiro-Gerais, un homme du Minas, cette Auvergne du Br\u00e9sil. Il \u00e9tait n\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2595,"parent":2633,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2596","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nJUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK - 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