{"id":2738,"date":"2011-09-09T04:49:30","date_gmt":"2011-09-09T02:49:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/histoire-php\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:24","slug":"histoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/index\/histoire\/","title":{"rendered":"HISTOIRE – REPUBLIQUE DOMINICAINE"},"content":{"rendered":"

 Les premiers habitants de l’\u00eele Quisqueya furent les lucayos, ciguayos, tainos et caribes. C’\u00e9tait des communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eacheurs et d’agriculteurs qui pratiquaient une agriculture rudimentaire. Le d\u00e9placement des groupes humains entre les \u00eeles des Cara\u00efbes fut toujours intense; le commerce et le troc entre les tribus se faisaient avec l’\u00e9change d’offrandes. En d\u00e9cembre 1492 Christophe Colomb arriva sur l’\u00eele Quisqueya, qu’il appela Espa\u00f1ola, et ainsi commen\u00e7a la colonisation europ\u00e9enne de l’Am\u00e9rique. Colomb gouverna l’\u00eele pendant huit ans. En 1697, une partie de l’\u00eele fut conquise par les fran\u00e7ais alors que l’Est \u00e9tait toujours sous contr\u00f4le des espagnols. En 1795, la ville de Saint-Domingue (la ville la plus ancienne de toute l’Am\u00e9rique fond\u00e9e en 1496 par le fr\u00e8re de Colomb) fut c\u00e9d\u00e9e \u00e0 la France. Dans la bataille de Palohincado, en 1808, le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral dominicain Ramirez infligea une lourde d\u00e9faite aux fran\u00e7ais. La colonie fut de nouveau sous la souverainet\u00e9 espagnole en 1809. En 1821 le tr\u00e9sorier colonial, Jos\u00e9 Nu\u00f1ez de C\u00e1ceres, proclama l’ind\u00e9pendance de Saint-Domingue. Cette ind\u00e9pendance dura peu de temps, en 1822 les ha\u00eftiens envahirent et occup\u00e8rent la colonie pendant 22 ans, jusqu’\u00e0 ce que le 27 f\u00e9vrier 1844, l’ind\u00e9pendance soit proclam\u00e9e. <\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s de nombreuses ann\u00e9es de dictature, de guerre civile et d’occupation am\u00e9ricaine, la R\u00e9publique fut dirig\u00e9e pendant trente ans (1930-1961) par le dictateur Rafael Trujillo. Son assassinat mena \u00e0 une p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9gime civil. Pendant les trois mandats (\u00e0 partir de 1966) du Pr\u00e9sident Joaquin Balaguer, leader du parti R\u00e9formiste Social Chr\u00e9tien (PRSC), le pays connut une p\u00e9riode de relative stabilit\u00e9. G\u00fazman Fernandez du principal parti d’opposition, le Partido Revolucionario Dominicano (PRD) de centre gauche remporta les \u00e9lections de 1978 mais apr\u00e8s une d\u00e9faite aux \u00e9lections de 1982, Balaguer revint \u00e0 la Pr\u00e9sidence en 1986 et 1990. Pendant les ann\u00e9es 90, la R\u00e9publique Dominicaine dut affronter une grave crise \u00e9conomique, le FMI imposa des programmes d’aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 impopulaires. En 1994, Balaguer remporta de nouveau les \u00e9lections mais les accusations de corruption et de fraude enclench\u00e8rent une r\u00e9vision du processus \u00e9lectoral. Aux \u00e9lections suivantes, en novembre 1995, Balaguer qui avait 88 ans remporta pour la septi\u00e8me fois un mandat pr\u00e9sidentiel. Diff\u00e9rentes crises \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, l’augmentation de l’inflation et la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration du service public, provoqu\u00e8rent une s\u00e9rie de protestations et de manifestations. Les \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles de mai 1996 furent les premi\u00e8res sous le nouveau syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectoral contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par les observateurs internationaux. La coalition Frente Nacional Patriotico compos\u00e9e par les partis PLD et PRSC, permit \u00e0 Leonel Fernandez Reyna du PLD de rempoter les \u00e9lections. La coalition remporta \u00e9galement les \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives de mai 1998. Balaguer se pr\u00e9senta une nouvelle fois aux \u00e9lections de mai 2000 mais il fut vaincu face au candidat PRD Hip\u00f3lito Mejia.<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Les Pr\u00e9sidents<\/a> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 Les premiers habitants de l’\u00eele Quisqueya furent les lucayos, ciguayos, tainos et caribes. C’\u00e9tait des communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eacheurs et d’agriculteurs […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":2316,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2738","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHISTOIRE - 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