{"id":2825,"date":"2011-10-12T17:32:41","date_gmt":"2011-10-12T15:32:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/violeta-barrios-de-chamorro\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:25:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:25:24","slug":"violeta-barrios-de-chamorro","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/personnalites\/violeta-barrios-de-chamorro\/","title":{"rendered":"VIOLETA BARRIOS de CHAMORRO"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-2824\" src=\"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/10\/violeta-barrios-de-chamorro.jpg\" title=\"VIOLETA BARRIOS DE CHAMORRO\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" vspace=\"9\" hspace=\"15\" height=\"220\" align=\"right\" srcset=\"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/10\/violeta-barrios-de-chamorro.jpg 220w, https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/10\/violeta-barrios-de-chamorro-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/>N\u00e9e \u00e0 Rivas, <span style=\"color: rgb(255, 153, 0); \"><strong>Violeta Barrios de Chamorro<\/strong><\/span> effectue ses \u00e9tudes aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Elle \u00e9pouse en 1950 Pedro Joaqu\u00edn Chamorro Cardenal, qui reprend, en 1952, la direction du journal La Prensa, organe du parti conservateur, appartenant \u00e0 sa famille. Il en fait le principal journal d&rsquo;opposition au r\u00e9gime dictatorial d&rsquo;<a href=\"anastasio_somoza\">Anastasio Somoza<\/a>, puis du fils de celui-ci, Anastasio Somoza Debayle. En 1957, Violetta suit son mari en exil. Revenu au <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/nicaragua\/\"><strong>Nicaragua<\/strong><\/a> en 1960, Pedro Chamorro est assassin\u00e9, en 1978, sur ordre de Somoza. Violeta Chamorro succ\u00e8de \u00e0 son mari \u00e0 la t\u00eate de La Prensa, poursuivant le combat contre la dictature. Elle joue, \u00e0 ce titre, un r\u00f4le important dans le renversement de la dictature du clan Somoza et dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement du gouvernement dirig\u00e9 par le <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abc-latina.com\/nicaragua\/front-sandiniste\">Front sandiniste de lib\u00e9ration nationale<\/a> en 1979.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>Si\u00e9geant au bureau ex\u00e9cutif du gouvernement de Reconstruction nationale, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de <a href=\"daniel_ortega\">Daniel Ortega<\/a>, elle d\u00e9missionne moins d&rsquo;un an plus tard, s&rsquo;opposant \u00e0 l&rsquo;orientation marxiste prise par le r\u00e9gime. Son journal devient \u00e0 nouveau la principale voix d&rsquo;opposition au r\u00e9gime en place.&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Apr\u00e8s huit ans de guerre civile, le pr\u00e9sident Daniel Ortega donne son accord pour la tenue d&rsquo;\u00e9lections libres en contrepartie du d\u00e9sarmement des contras. Une coalition de quatorze partis politiques rassembl\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;Union nationale de l&rsquo;opposition (UNO) choisit Violeta Chamorro comme candidate contre Daniel Ortega. Le 25 f\u00e9vrier 1990, elle obtient 54,7 p. 100 des suffrages et devient pr\u00e9sidente de la r\u00e9publique du Nicaragua, au terme d&rsquo;une transition politique pacifique in\u00e9dite dans l&rsquo;histoire du pays. Premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 gouverner un pays d&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique centrale, elle r\u00e9forme l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e et relance l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie. Un an apr\u00e8s son \u00e9lection, la paix civile est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 favoris\u00e9e par le d\u00e9sarmement de 22 000 contras et par une r\u00e9duction des troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de 80 000 \u00e0 25 000 hommes.&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Mais, jugeant la rupture avec le sandinisme trop lente, la coalition qui a fait \u00e9lire Violeta Chamorro lui retire son soutien en 1993. La pr\u00e9sidente s&rsquo;allie alors avec les d\u00e9put\u00e9s du FSLN afin de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d&rsquo;une majorit\u00e9 parlementaire. Soumise \u00e0 la pression am\u00e9ricaine, Violeta Chamorro se r\u00e9sout toutefois \u00e0 relever de ses fonctions en 1994 le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sandiniste Humberto Ortega, commandant en chef des arm\u00e9es, fr\u00e8re de Daniel Ortega. Sur le plan \u00e9conomique, Violeta Chamorro remporte un succ\u00e8s certain, avec une croissance de 2,5 p. 100 et une inflation r\u00e9duite \u00e0 8 p. 100 en 1994 ; en 1996, l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie conna\u00eet sa troisi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e de croissance positive cons\u00e9cutive. En revanche, elle est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreuses critiques visant notamment la m\u00e9thode de restitution des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s saisies sous le r\u00e9gime de Somoza.&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Les tensions int\u00e9rieures se manifestent surtout \u00e0 propos de la r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle. Sur ce sujet, le Parlement s&rsquo;oppose \u00e0 Violeta Chamorro qui ne souhaite pas la refonte compl\u00e8te du texte constitutionnel. Les parlementaires ignorent sa volont\u00e9 et adoptent un texte promulgu\u00e9 en 1995, transformant le mandat pr\u00e9sidentiel en un mandat de cinq ans non renouvelable, instaurant un contr\u00f4le civil des forces arm\u00e9es et un service militaire facultatif. Au terme de son mandat, elle peut se pr\u00e9valoir d&rsquo;avoir r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 pr\u00e9server la paix civile et d&rsquo;avoir relanc\u00e9 la situation \u00e9conomique du Nicaragua.&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e9e \u00e0 Rivas, Violeta Barrios de Chamorro effectue ses \u00e9tudes aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Elle \u00e9pouse en 1950 Pedro Joaqu\u00edn Chamorro Cardenal, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2824,"parent":2633,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2825","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>VIOLETA BARRIOS de CHAMORRO - Abc-latina<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Violeta barrios de Chamolo, ex-pr\u00e9sidente du Nicaragua. 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