{"id":2888,"date":"2016-07-01T20:05:17","date_gmt":"2016-07-01T18:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abc-latina.com\/ile-de-paques-des-secrets-a-reveler\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:24:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T16:24:54","slug":"ile-de-paques-des-secrets-a-reveler","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abc-latina.com\/chili\/ile-de-paques-des-secrets-a-reveler\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00eele de P\u00e2ques a encore des secrets \u00e0 r\u00e9v\u00e9ler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chili: L’\u00eele de P\u00e2ques a encore des secrets \u00e0 r\u00e9v\u00e9ler<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

S’il y a bien une \u00eele du Pacifique qui n’est plus \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter, c’est bien l’\u00eele de P\u00e2ques<\/a> ! Le myst\u00e8re de ses quelques 900 statues achev\u00e9es et inachev\u00e9es, a toujours passionn\u00e9 historiens et arch\u00e9ologues ; tous se demandaient comment de tels monuments ont pu \u00eatre \u00e9rig\u00e9s, et quelles raisons ont pouss\u00e9es un peuple \u00e0 se lancer dans un tel chantier.
Etant situ\u00e9e \u00e0 plus de 2 000 kilom\u00e8tres de la pr\u00e9sence humaine la plus proche, l’\u00eele de P\u00e2ques est la seconde \u00eele la plus isol\u00e9e du monde. D’une superficie de 163 km², elle compte aujourd’hui 4 000 habitants environ. Son patrimoine est entr\u00e9 \u00e0 l’UNESCO en 1995.<\/p>\n

Les fameuses sculptures allant de 4 \u00e0 21 m\u00e8tres, aussi appel\u00e9es Moa\u00efs, ont fait la r\u00e9putation de l’\u00eele et les th\u00e9ories sur leur montage sont nombreuses.
La civilisation Pascuane aurait connu son apog\u00e9e entre le 16\u00e8me et le 17\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Ce peuple, originaire de la Polyn\u00e9sie, aurait d\u00e9barqu\u00e9 sur l’\u00eele entre 800 et 1 200 o\u00f9 un roi d\u00e9chu se serait install\u00e9 avec quelques familles sur ces terres. Les d\u00e9couvreurs de l’\u00eele, des \u00e9claireurs charg\u00e9s par le roi de trouver une terre hospitali\u00e8re, re\u00e7urent un hommage unique puisque les 7 premiers Moa\u00efs<\/a> furent \u00e9rig\u00e9s en leur honneur. Ceux-ci ont pour principale caract\u00e9ristique d’avoir la t\u00eate tourn\u00e9e vers l’oc\u00e9an, contrairement aux autres Moa\u00efs b\u00e2tis plus tard dont leur regard est tourn\u00e9 vers les terres.<\/p>\n

De plus, ces statues ont la particularit\u00e9 d’avoir le visage parfaitement orient\u00e9 sur le coucher du soleil durant l’\u00e9quinoxe de printemps, et au contraire, de tourner le dos au lever du soleil durant l’\u00e9quinoxe d’automne.
Au fil des ann\u00e9es, la civilisation a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un attrait pour le culte des anc\u00eatres et des dieux. De nombreux Moa\u00efs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mont\u00e9s, et m\u00eame si l’incertitude plane encore quant aux moyens utilis\u00e9s pour y parvenir, quelques th\u00e9ories ressortent parmi les chercheurs.
Le peuple Pascuan aurait utilis\u00e9 le bois pour transporter les statues, l’\u00eele de Paques poss\u00e9dant en effet une importante quantit\u00e9 de for\u00eats \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque. En pla\u00e7ant les colosses sur des rondins, les habitants auraient pu les transporter sur les diff\u00e9rents emplacements et les auraient soulev\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me de leviers.<\/p>\n

Une autre th\u00e9orie appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e est l’utilisation de cordes qui, reli\u00e9es aux statues et combin\u00e9s \u00e0 des mouvements de balancement, auraient permis aux habitants de d\u00e9placer ces monuments.
La principale difficult\u00e9 pour comprendre la pass\u00e9 de l’\u00eele vient du fait que la civilisation Pascuane a disparu et pour ne pas changer les bonnes habitudes, plusieurs th\u00e9ories ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9voqu\u00e9es pour l’expliquer. La premi\u00e8re raison est la d\u00e9forestation intensive provoqu\u00e9e par l’industrie des Mao\u00efs. Les habitants ont tout simplement trop coup\u00e9 les arbres, d\u00e9truisant tout un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 cela, de fortes s\u00e9cheresses auraient accentu\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s de production de nourriture en quantit\u00e9 suffisante. En r\u00e9ponse, le peuple aurait tent\u00e9 dans un premier temps d’augmenter ses pri\u00e8res aux dieux, coupant plus d’arbres encore pour \u00e9riger leurs statues colossales. Voyant que leurs pri\u00e8res restaient sans r\u00e9ponse, il y aurait alors eu une perte de leur foi suivie d’une importante guerre entre les diff\u00e9rents clans de l’\u00eele pour les quelques ressources restantes.<\/p>\n

Tous ses soucis auraient r\u00e9duit la population locale \u00e0 2 000 – 3 000 repr\u00e9sentants lors de l’arriv\u00e9e des premiers europ\u00e9ens aux 18\u00e8me et 19\u00e8me si\u00e8cles. S’en est suivie une p\u00e9riode tr\u00e8s difficile pour la population locale qui a subit les ravages des maladies des colons ainsi que la d\u00e9portation des esclavagistes p\u00e9ruviens. Tant et si bien qu’en 1877, il ne restait que 111 habitants sur l’\u00eele.
Le dernier repr\u00e9sentant de cette civilisation qui pouvait lire et parler l’ancienne langue est mort au d\u00e9but du 20\u00e8me si\u00e8cle sans avoir pu transmettre son savoir.<\/p>\n

Aujourd’hui, l’\u00eele de P\u00e2ques est rattach\u00e9e au Chili et est au contact avec le reste du monde gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un a\u00e9roport. La population locale vie surtout de l’activit\u00e9 touristique, suffisamment importante gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’aura d’incertitudes qui enrobe encore cette petite terre, perdue au c\u0153ur de l’oc\u00e9an Pacifique.<\/p>\n

 \"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chili: L’\u00eele de P\u00e2ques a encore des secrets \u00e0 r\u00e9v\u00e9ler   S’il y a bien une \u00eele du Pacifique qui […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":35,"parent":2293,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2888","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019\u00eele de P\u00e2ques a encore des secrets \u00e0 r\u00e9v\u00e9ler - 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